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Psychology is defined as the science of:
a. sensation and perception.
b. experience and mental illness.
c. culture and group dynamics.
d. behavior and mental processes.
Who is considered the "father of psychology" by his establishment of the first
psychology lab?
a. Wilhelm Wundt
b. William James
c. Sigmund Freud
d. E. B. Tichener
William James:
a. was the first American psychologist.
b. wrote the first psychology textbook.
c. believed psychology should study the functions of consciousness.
d. all of the above.
Which of the following is considered the founder of the psychodynamic perspective in
psychology?
a. Wilhelm Wundt
b. William James
c. Sigmund Freud
d. E. B. Tichener
The behaviorists believed:
a. psychology should emphasize the study of healthy people.
b. psychology should only study observable and objectively described acts.
c. psychology should study the self examination of inner ideas and experiences.
d. all of the above.
Who established the first psychology lab in the United States?
a. G. Stanley Hall
b. William James
c. Francis Cecil Sumner
d. Mary Whiton Calkins
Sue believes the field of psychology should study various methods of problem
solving, how people memorize facts, and what changes our thinking structure. Sue
would be described as coming from which perspective of psychology?
a. social-cultural
c. humanistic
b. behavioral
d. cognitive
Jim, in his approach to psychology, stresses that individuals continually strive to
reach their full potential. Jim would be described as coming from which perspective
of psychology?
a. social-cultural
b. behavioral
c. humanistic
d. cognitive
Martin E.P. Seligman felt the field of psychology should emphasize:
a. the curing of mental illness.
b. making life more productive and fulfilling.
c. self-report reflections over the scientific method.
d. how evolution has changed human behavior.
Jim is a researcher for a local business. He believes that research should be "problem
centered" in that it tries to solve specific problems in the world. Jim is an advocate
of:
a. applied research.
b. self-report research.
c. behavioral research.
d. basic research.
Amber is researching possible causes of suicide. For each committed suicide in the
county, Amber does an in-depth study of the person's life and behaviors prior to
their suicide. Amber is conducting what type of study?
a. naturalistic observation
c. cross sectional study
b. correlational study
d. case study
A correlation indicates:
a. the degree to which one variable is influenced or caused by another.
b. how random a sample is of the population.
c. whether the experiment can be replicated or not.
d. the degree of relationship between two variables.
Throughout childhood people's height increases as their age increases. This
relationship between age and height would be called a(n):
a. positive correlation.
c. open correlation.
b. negative correction.
d. cause effect relationship.
Which of the following might create a biased survey?
a. taking a random sample of the population
b. taking too large of a sample
c. social desirability
d. designing the survey's questions carefully to avoid any bias
A developmental psychologist wants to study the effects of poverty on one's self
concept. To do this, a group of subjects from the central city are interviewed once
every five years over the period of 30 years. The same subjects are interviewed
throughout the 30 years. This study is an example of what type of research?
a. cross sectional study
c. correlational study
b. longitudinal study
d. naturalistic observation
Which of the following research methods can a researcher draw a cause and effect
conclusion?
a. experiment
c. survey
b. naturalistic observation
d. correlational study
Consider the following experiment: Children are divided into two groups. One group
watches episodes of "Sesame Street." The other group watches cartoon episodes.
Both are then given a test that measures activity in children. In this study, the
independent variable is:
a. what the child watches on TV.
b. how the child scores on the activity test.
c. what type of family the child comes from.
d. the child's economic class.
In an experiment which receives the independent variable?
a. the confounding variable
c. the control group
b. the population
d. the experimental group
In an experiment which group would be given a placebo?
a. the population
b. the random sample
c. the control group
d. the experimental group
Which of the following is NOT considered one of the four basic principles for human
participation in an experiment?
a. informed consent
c. debriefing
b. confidentiality
d. replication
Any non-genetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around
us, is the definition of:
a. a mutation.
b. natural selection.
c. the environment.
d. heritability.
Each human cell is composed of how many chromosomes?
a. 46
b. 43 pair
c. 43
d. 23
One's chromosomes are made up of:
a. nucleotides.
b. genomes.
c. nurtures.
d. DNA.
Having a predisposition to a given genetic disease implies that:
a. the person will definitely develop that disease.
b. the person has the possibility of developing the disease.
c. the person will always pass the gene on to offspring.
d. the gene will be mutated when passed on to any offspring.
Darwin's principle of "survival of the fittest" suggests that those members of a
species with trait variations that contribute to their survival will live longer and
thereby are more likely to pass those traits on to succeeding generations. This
follows the concept of:
a. nucleotides.
b. behavior genetics.
c. heritability.
d. natural selection.
Jessie and Kristin are twins that developed from a single fertilized egg. Jessie and
Kristin are called:
a. identical twins.
b. fraternal twins.
c. fraternal identical twins.
d. identical fraternal twins.
A study comparing the divorce rates of twins found that if one twin was divorced, the
odds were 5.5 times higher the other twin would get divorced. In analyzing these
results it is important to:
a. compare the effects of natural selection on divorce.
b. conclude the results are due to cultural influences.
c. not conclude that divorce is heritable.
d. note any genetic differences in the identical twins studied.
The shared attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of a group is the definition of:
a. culture.
b. individualism.
c. collectivism.
d. norms.
Sabrina, from Isamanig, Germany, is visiting Germantown High School in Wisconsin
with a student exchange program between Germany and the United States. During
her visit, Sabrina is having trouble understanding what some of the "proper"
behaviors are in the United States versus the "proper" behaviors in Germany.
Sabrina is having problems understanding American cultural:
a. nurtures.
b. collectivism.
c. individualism.
d. norms.
A society in which the needs of the group have priority over the needs of the
individual is referred to as:
a. norms.
b. individualist.
c. culture.
d. collectivist.
A relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience is the definition of:
a. learning.
b. classical conditioning.
c. stimulus.
d. acquisition.
A type of learning is which the subject learns to associate a stimulus with a given
response is:
a. generalization.
b. stimulus.
c. acquisition.
d. classical conditioning.
If a light is dimmed before a person's eye, the pupil will dilate. If a sequence of
events is established in which a bell is rung, the light is dimmed, and the pupil
dilates, the pupil will eventually dilate with just the ringing of the bell. If this
happens, the light dimming is called the:
a. unconditioned stimulus.
c. conditioned stimulus.
b. unconditioned response.
d. conditioned response.
Rats are exposed to a bright light while being injected with an overdose of insulin. In
time, the bright light alone produces a response that is almost indistinguishable from
that produced by the insulin. The unconditioned response in this example is the:
a. unconditioned stimulus.
c. conditioned stimulus.
b. unconditioned response.
d. conditioned response.
In Pavlov's experiment with classical conditioning the dog salivated when a bell was
rung, even though the food did not follow. In the case above, the bell is called the:
a. unconditioned stimulus.
c. conditioned stimulus.
b. unconditioned response.
d. conditioned response.
If you rang a bell to signal your dog that his food is being put on the plate, the dog
will learn to come when the bell is rung. If you then cease to feed the dog after
ringing the bell, which of the following will eventually take place?
a. discrimination
b. extinction
c. generalization
d. spontaneous recovery
Extinction does not destroy the learning of the response. This is demonstrated by:
a. acquisition.
c. discrimination.
b. generalization.
d. spontaneous recovery.
A boy has been conditioned to be afraid of a bus. He also finds he is afraid of cars
and trains. This is an example of:
a. discrimination.
b. extinction.
c. spontaneous recovery.
d. generalization.
The process in which an organism produces different responses to similar stimuli is:
a. discrimination.
b. extinction.
c. spontaneous recovery.
d. generalization.
Which of the following would be considered the best form of classical conditioning
found in everyday life?
a. animal training
c. learning to drive
b. taste aversion
d. studying for a unit test
A type of learning in which the subject associates a particular behavior with its
consequence is called:
a. classical conditioning.
c. operant conditioning.
b. extinction.
d. discrimination.
At an amusement park a duck will turn on a lamp and play a piano every time a coin
is put into a slot. He then receives a piece of corn for performing his tricks. The duck
is demonstrating:
a. extreme musical talent.
c. imitation.
b. classical conditioning.
d. operant conditioning.
Eileen, a second grade teacher, is always providing favorable consequences for her
students's "good" behaviors and unfavorable consequences for "bad" behaviors.
Eileen is working off the principle of:
a. spontaneous recovery.
c. generalization.
b. extinction.
d. the law of effect.
Any consequence of a behavior that decreases the frequency of that behavior is a:
a. punishment.
b. reinforcement.
c. operant.
d. stimulus.
At the end of football practice the team always has to run 10 laps around the field,
which everyone hates. If a player makes a good play the coach tells the player they
can run 1 less lap. At the end of practice some players have to run the full 10 laps
while others who performed well run less. In this example the removal of running a
lap is considered a:
a. punishment.
b. positive reinforcement.
c. negative reinforcement.
d. extinction stimulus.
The best example of a primary reinforcement is:
a. money to someone poor.
b. water to someone thirsty.
c. coupons for a free pass into a movie.
d. tickets from a game which are eventually turned in for a prize.
A learning experiment is set up in the following manner. A rat is in the Skinner Box,
and every time the light goes on and the rat presses down on the bar it gets
reinforced with food. If the light is off, pressing down on the bar causes no response.
This is an example of:
a. discrimination.
c. extinction.
b. generalization.
d. latent learning.
The occasional small reward for hitting a jackpot keeps the gambler hopeful of hitting
another larger jackpot. This is what type of reinforcement schedule?
a. fixed interval
c. fixed ratio
b. variable interval
d. variable ratio
Learning without the presence of an apparent incentive or reinforcement is known
as:
a. operant conditioning.
c. latent learning.
b. cognitive map.
d. classical conditioning.
Kelly has loved to read since the first grade and was a constant reader throughout
first and second grade. In the third grade, Kelly's teacher gave students candy bars
for each hour they read in class. Kelly's fourth-grade teacher didn't have the same
reward system as Kelly's third-grade teacher, so Kelly stopped reading. This is an
example of:
a. negative reinforcement.
c. latent learning.
b. overjustification effect.
d. spontaneous recovery.
Learning taking place by watching others is the definition of:
a. classical conditioning.
c. observational learning.
b. operant conditioning.
d. intuition.
In observational learning the subject mimics the behavior of the:
a. model.
c. observer.
b. participant.
d. subject.
An American researcher who studied observational learning was:
a. B. F. Skinner.
b. Ivan Pavlov.
c. Martin Seligman.
d. Albert Bandura.
In Bandura's first "Bobo doll" experiment, children became more aggressive than
other children towards the Bobo doll after:
a. they were told it was alright to hit the Bobo doll.
b. they witness other children being aggressive towards the dolls.
c. they witness an adult being aggressive towards the dolls and were then
frustrated.
d. they were shown a movie of other children hitting the Bobo dolls.
In one of Bandura's "Bobo doll" experiment, children most likely imitated the violent
behavior of:
a. the model who was praised.
b. the model who was punished.
c. the model who was neither praised nor punished.
d. the model who was both praised and punished.
Learning by seeing the consequence of another person's behavior is the definition of:
a. attention learning.
b. consequential learning.
c. vicarious learning.
d. motivational learning.
Which of the following list includes all four of the conditions Bandura felt are
necessary for observation learning to take place?
a. attention, consequences, ability to reproduce the behavior, and motivation
b. attention, retention, ability to reproduce the behavior, and motivation
c. a model, a subject, a behavior, and a consequence
d. motivation, observation, consequences, and ability to reproduce the behavior
Behavior which is negative, destructive, and unhelpful is considered:
a. prosocial behavior.
b. observational behavior.
c. antisocial behavior.
d. retention behavior.
Behavior which is positive, constructive, and helpful is considered:
a. retention behavior.
b. observational behavior.
c. antisocial behavior.
d. prosocial behavior.
Which of the following accurately describes the conclusions of the APA Commission
on Violence and Youth?
a. Viewing violence on TV has no appreciable effect on the violence in youths.
b. Children viewing violence on TV has a short-term effect but no lifelong
consequences.
c. TV cannot serve as a prosocial force, only as an antisocial force.
d. Viewing of TV shows and commercials affects people's concepts of reality.
Agnes is highly allergic to cats. If she is exposed to a cat for any length of time she
will have trouble breathing to the point where she might need hospitalization. Her
children brought home a kitten and cannot bear to part with it. Agnes decides to
keep the kitten to please her children even though it will be destructive to her. Which
of the following would best describe Agnes's decision?
a. disturbing
b. unjustifiable
c. maladaptive
d. atypical
Every time Chante opens a can of pop she taps the top eight times before opening
the can. If asked, Chante will tell you she has no logical reason for her behavior. Her
behavior doesn't hurt her or anyone else in any way. Which of the following would
best describe Chante's behavior?
a. disturbing
b. unjustifiable
c. maladaptive
d. atypical
Every night before Dwayne, a college freshman, goes to bed, he gargles with
mouthwash for two minutes straight. In the beginning of the year Dwayne's
roommate, Travis, thought nothing of it but by the end of the semester Travis was
extremely annoyed by the behavior. Which of the following would best describe
Dwayne's behavior?
a. disturbing
b. unjustifiable
c. maladaptive
d. atypical
A person's behavior that is in violation of a cultural norm, within the culture the
behavior is shown, is considered:
a. disturbing.
b. unjustifiable.
c. maladaptive.
d. atypical.
Many cultures in the past believed mental illness to be caused by:
a. biomedical causes.
b. improper diets.
c. demons.
d. genetics.
Philippe Pinel is known for:
a. promoting human treatment of those with mental disorders.
b. writing the first DSM.
c. performing the first lobotomy.
d. being the first patient labeled using the DSM.
The belief that "mental" illnesses can be diagnosed on the basis of their symptoms
and cured through therapy is:
a. the DSM model.
b. the behavioral model.
c. the medical model.
d. the atypical model.
Which of the following is false with regards to the DSM-IV-TR?
a. Many U.S. insurance companies use the DSM to help determine which
disorders are covered by insurance.
b. The DSM lists the causes of the disorders.
c. The DSM is subject to change and revision.
d. The DSM divides mental disorders into 17 major categories.
The primary purpose of the DSM-IV-TR is to:
a. list which medications are used with each disorder.
b. explain the causes of the various psychological disorders.
c. list possible treatments for psychological disorders.
d. classify psychological disorders.
One of the negative effects of labeling a person with a mental illness is:
a. because of the media's influence, most people think those with a mental
illness are extremely passive and peaceful.
b. labels help mental health professionals communicate with each other.
c. labels influence expectations and perceptions of how a person will behave.
d. labels help people understand how and why a mental illness develops.
Jolyn is constantly apprehensive and tense. She cannot explain the feelings even
though she has been dealing with them for the last year and a half. Jolyn is most
likely suffering from:
a. a phobia.
b. a panic disorder.
c. a generalized anxiety disorder.
d. posttraumatic stress disorder.
A disorder marked by sudden bouts of intense unexplained panic is:
a. generalized anxiety disorder.
c. posttraumatic stress disorder.
b. a phobia.
d. panic disorder.
Beulah is terrified of giving a speech in class. Anytime she is asked to speak in front
of the class she becomes overwhelmed with fear to the point where she cannot
function. Beulah is most likely suffering from:
a. social phobia.
c. a panic disorder.
b. generalized anxiety disorder.
d. agoraphobia
Marc is constantly preoccupied with checking everything around his house before he
goes to bed at night. On some days he has to check the stove, doors, windows, and
lights up to 20 times before he feels comfortable enough to go to sleep. If he doesn't
go through his checking ritual he will become so anxious he cannot sleep. Marc is
most likely suffering from:
a. generalized anxiety disorder.
c. dysthymic disorder.
b. panic disorder.
d. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
An obsession relates to _____ while a compulsion involves _____.
a. causes; symptoms
b. actions; thoughts
c. symptoms; causes
d. thoughts; actions
When Callie was 10 years old her house was devastated by a tornado. Ever since the
event Callie has had nightmares, constant fear, and flashbacks of being trapped in a
basement. Callie is most likely suffering from:
a. generalized anxiety disorder.
c. posttraumatic stress disorder.
b. a panic disorder.
d. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
A disorder whose symptoms are similar to major depressive disorder but less severe
and of shorter duration is called:
a. bipolar disorder.
b. dysthymic disorder.
c. generalized anxiety disorder.
d. learned helplessness.
Over the last month, Negassi has lost a significant amount of weight and has had
trouble sleeping. His friends say that he has been irritable and doesn't want to do
anything with them anymore. His parents worry that he is always sad, dejected, and
has little energy. Negassi is most likely suffering from:
a. generalized anxiety disorder.
c. posttraumatic stress disorder.
b. a panic disorder.
d. a mood disorder.
Ruth at times is wild and busting with creative energy. At other times she has no
energy and feels worthless. Ruth is probably suffering from:
a. bipolar disorder.
c. dysthymic disorder.
b. major depression.
d. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Which two neurotransmitters are associated with depression?
a. dopamine and acetylcholine
c. serotonin and GABA
b. GABA and dopamine
d. serotonin and norephinephrine
Disorders in which the sense of self has become separated from previous memories,
thoughts, or feelings is the definition of:
a. personality disorders.
c. schizophrenia.
b. dissociative disorders.
d. anxiety disorders.
Tina Marie was involved in a tragic automobile accident and now cannot remember
the accident experience or events leading up to the accident. Tina Marie is most
likely suffering from:
a. dissociative amnesia.
c. dissociative fugue.
b. dissociative identity disorder.
d. schizophrenia.
A dissociative disorder characterized by loss of identity and travel to a new location
is:
a. dissociative amnesia.
c. dissociative fugue.
b. dissociative identity disorder.
d. multiple personality disorder.
Hallucinations are to delusions as ______ are (is) to ________.
a. precipitating; predisposing
c. perceptions; beliefs
b. psychotic; neurotic
d. dissociative; schizophrenia
Janette is convinced that the difficulties she is having with her job are due to a
conspiracy organized by her secretary, one of the custodians, and two people in the
next office. Assuming the conspiracy does not really exist, Janette's behavior could
be described as:
a. delusional.
c. antisocial.
b. a hallucination.
d. precipitating.
George is convinced his parents gave him his name because he is in reality the
reincarnation of George Washington. George explains that at birth George
Washington's spirit was placed inside of him. He believes someday the truth will be
revealed and he will become president of the United States. George is most likely
suffering from:
a. paranoid schizophrenia.
b. catatonic schizophrenia.
c. disorganized schizophrenia.
d. undifferentiated schizophrenia.
Ciara has always been detached from other people. She prefers the life of a loner
and has never had a close friendship. Ciara is most likely suffering from:
a. antisocial personality disorder.
b. schizoid personality disorder.
c. avoidant personality disorder.
d. dependent personality disorder.
Jon's friends are concerned over his recent behavior. It appears that Jon has no
concern for the rights or feelings of others. He shows no sense of guilt or remorse for
his bad behavior, giving his friends the impression he doesn't have a conscious. Jon
is most likely suffering from:
a. antisocial personality disorder.
b. schizoid personality disorder.
c. avoidant personality disorder.
d. paranoid personality disorder.
The founder of psychoanalysis was:
a. Carl Rogers.
b. B. F. Skinner.
c. Albert Ellis.
d. Sigmund Freud.
As a clinical psychologist Dr. Korek uses a variety of different therapies. With phobic
patients she may use systematic desensitization, with depressed patients she may
explain how their thoughts affect their actions, and with still others she may use free
association. Dr. Korek's approach to psychotherapy would most likely be described
as:
a. behavioral.
c. eclectic.
b. psychoanalytic.
d. cognitive.
After many months of psychoanalytic therapy Sybil announces that she is in reality
not suffering from dissociative identity disorder (multiple personalities) but in fact
has been faking it throughout the therapy. Because of this Sybil feels she is no
longer in need of any further therapy. A psychoanalytic therapist would most likely
say Sybil is:
a. going through resistance.
b. having an insight.
c. experiencing free association.
d. in need of systematic desensitization.
Dr. Silverman practices an approach to therapy where he empathically listens to the
clients that come to him for help. He paraphrases, clarifies, and reflects back what
his clients articulate to him. Dr. Silverman is most likely using what approach to
therapy?
a. humanistic
c. cognitive
b. behavior
d. eclectic
The therapy approach that applies the principles of learning theory to help patients
eliminate unwanted behavior is the:
a. humanistic approach.
c. behavioral approach.
b. cognitive approach.
d. psychoanalytic approach.
Arnold has a major phobia towards footballs. His therapist slowly exposes Arnold to
football-related anxiety stimuli while encouraging Arnold to relax. Over time Arnold
associates the pleasant state of relaxation with football, rather than an anxious
state. Which therapy method is Arnold's therapist most likely using?
a. aversive conditioning
c. a token economy
b. systematic desensitization
d. self-serving bias
Which of the following would be a technique a therapist from the cognitive approach
might use?
a. aversive conditioning
c. counterconditioning
b. token economy
d. explanatory styles
Stacy is going to a psychotherapist who stresses how Stacy's self-defeating thoughts
and her inappropriate behavior needs to change. Her therapist tries to make Stacy
aware of and change her negative thoughts and then teachers her to change her
behavior. Stacy's therapist most likely is from which therapeutic approach?
a. psychoanalysis
c. humanistic
b. cognitive-behavioral
d. psychodynamic
Which of the following is true with regards to the different therapy approaches?
a. No one kind of therapy or therapist is absolutely more effective than all the
others.
b. Most patients do not believe in the effectiveness of the therapy approach their
therapist uses.
c. Research has shown conclusively that going through therapy is more effective
than doing nothing at all.
d. An APA task force found psychoanalysis to be the most effective in treating
schizophrenics.
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) appears to be responsive to:
a. cognitive therapy.
b. counterconditioning.
c. systematic desensitization.
d. light exposure therapy.
Dr. Na is a psychotherapist who primarily uses drugs, electroconvulsive therapy, or
surgery as a means to help patients. Dr. Na is using:
a. psychoanalysis.
c. biomedical therapy.
b. cognitive therapy.
d. humanistic therapy.
Over the last 50 years a large number of patients have been released from mental
health hospitals into the general community. This process is called:
a. reuptake.
b. lobotomy.
c. systematic desensitization.
d. deinstitutionalization
Eletroconvulsive therapy is successfully used with:
a. depressed patient.
c. phobias.
b. schizophrenia.
d. personality disorders.
Research is currently being done to replace electroconvulsive therapy with a less
traumatic procedure:
a. called repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.
c. similar to a frontal lobotomy.
b. using new drugs.
d. using a behavioral therapy.
The primary purpose of a lobotomy was to:
a. calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients.
b. reduce hallucinations in the schizophrenic.
c. level out the ups (mania) and downs (depression) of a patient with bipolar
disorder.
d. lower the anxiety of a phobic patient.
Immediately after an egg cell has been fertilized it is called a(n):
a. embryo.
c. zygote.
b. fetus.
d. teratogen.
The period of prenatal development from two weeks after fertilization through the
eight week is called the:
a. fetal stage.
b. prenatal stage.
c. genetic stage.
d. embryonic stage.
Kelly's father is trying to feed her a bottle of infant formula. Unfortunately, Kelly's
head is facing away from her father. Rather than physically moving Kelly's head, her
father simply touches the bottle's nipple on Kelly's right cheek. Kelly, almost
immediately, turns her head to the right. Kelly's father is taking advantage of:
a. reflexes.
c. schemas.
b. temperaments.
d. teratogens.
Which of the following theorists developed a theory of cognitive development?
a. Lorenz
c. Piaget
b. Harlow
d. Loftus
Marja has decided to try a new fast food restaurant in town. After the experience she
decides the new restaurant is very similar to all the other fast food places she has
been to. According to Piaget, Marja's new experience could be classified as:
a. a schema.
b. accommodation.
c. preoperational.
d. assimilation.
Kayla, a young infant, is playing with her favorite toy. Kayla's brother comes along,
grabs the toy, and puts in underneath a blanket sitting next to Kayla. Kayla simply
lifts up the blanket, finds the toy, and continues playing with it. Kayla has learned:
a. pretend play.
b. conservation.
c. object permanence.
d. egocentrism.
Ford and his sister, Mallory, are sitting down to eat a meatball. Their father puts one
meatball on each of their plates and then proceeds to cut them up. When he sets the
plates in front of Ford and Mallory, Mallory complains that Ford is getting more as he
has eight pieces of meatball and she has only six. No matter how hard Mallory's
father tries to explain that each started with one meatball, Mallory believes she is
getting less. Mallory has NOT gained the ability of:
a. egocentrism.
b. conservation.
c. object permanence.
d. abstract thinking.
In Harlow's experiment with baby monkeys, Harlow found the infant monkeys
preferred:
a. whichever mother, cloth or wired, who provided the infant with food.
b. the wire monkey.
c. whichever mother did not provide food.
d. the cloth mother no matter which mother provided food.
Lorenz found the baby goslings tended to follow the first large moving object they
see. This is referred to as:
a. egocentrism.
b. imprinting.
c. reflexes.
d. conservation.
RJ's parents have a very loving warm parental style. They rarely discipline RJ and are
always asking about his thoughts and feelings. Their expectations of RJ maturity
level are low compared to other parents. RJ's parents would be labeled:
a. authoritarian.
b. permissive.
c. authoritative.
d. egocentric.
The transition period between childhood and adulthood is called:
a. puberty.
b. preconventional stage.
c. generatively.
d. adolescence.
Which of the following statements best describes changes in the timeframe for
adolescence in the United States since the late 1800s?
a. the beginning is later today than in the 1800s and the ending is earlier than in
the 1800s
b. the beginning is earlier than in the 1800s and the ending is earlier than in the
1800s
c. the beginning is later today than in the 1800s and the ending is later than in
the 1800s
d. the beginning is earlier today than in the 1800s and the ending is later than in
the 1800s
Puberty is:
a. the developmental period just before adolescence starts.
b. the period of sexual maturity with the capability to reproduce.
c. the developmental period just after adolescence starts.
d. another name for the teen years.
Puberty generally happens:
a. at an earlier age in females than males.
b. at an earlier age in males than females.
c. at the same age in males and females.
d. in no set pattern for both males and females.
The beginning of menstruation in females:
a. is called nocturnal emissions.
b. marks the end of puberty.
c. is a secondary sexual characteristic.
d. is called menarche.
During adolescence a person reaches which of Piaget's cognitive stages?
a. sensorimotor
c. preoperational
b. formal operatonal
d. concrete operational
Becca's primary concern with ethical behavior centers on her desire not to get
punished by her parents or to gain some reward from them. Becca is in which of
Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning?
a. preconventional
c. postconventional
b. conventional
d. moralisti
According to Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, the primary
developmental task of an infant is:
a. intimacy vs. isolation.
b. trust vs. mistrust.
c. authonomy vs. shame and doubt.
d. integrity vs. despair.
According to Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, the primary
developmental task of an adolescent is:
a. initiative vs. guilt.
b. competence vs. inferiority.
c. identity vs. role confusion.
d. intimacy vs. isolation.
Short Answer
Describe the process of Classical Conditioning with Pavlov and his dogs and with the
man in the dormitory showers. 10pts
List five symptoms of depression. 5pts
What is the difference between multiple personality and schizophrenia? 4pts
When you have a young child why is it important for you to understand the concept
of critical periods? Give 3 examples of a child’s critical period. In other words what
can or can’t they do at three different stages of their life? 8pts
Design an experiment and use the following terms: hypothesis, variables,
correlation, control group, placebo. 10pts
Describe three types of psychological treatments and what they are best suited for.
6pts
Which personality disorder would you like to have and which would you not like to
have and explain why. 4pts