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Chapter 2
Main Focus: Organic
Compounds
organic
-we are going to focus on ____________
compounds:
C and _____
-always contain ____
H
-generally have ____
O as well, but not
always
**_______
C - H bonds store a lot of
energy = when the bonds are
___________
broken, energy is _____________
released
_____
4
major classes of organic
compounds
Carbohydrates
1. ________________
H and ____
1:2:1
C ___,
-contain __,
O in a _________
ratio
energy
-great source of ________________
3 major types:
Monosaccharide
_______________ - 1 sugar molecule
Disaccharide - 2 sugar molecules
_______________
Polysaccharide
_______________ - multiple sugar
molecules
Monosaccharides
simple
-__________
sugars
-most important energy source in the
body is ___________
glucose
Disaccharides
-2monosaccharides
________________ linked together
-also considered ___________
sugars
simple
Polysaccharides
multiple sugars linked together
-_________
-sugars are stored in the body in the
form of ___________
glycogen
Simple vs. complex sugars
-simple sugars are the quickest source
of energy because they are digested
(release energy) ____________
rapidly
-complex sugars are made of
larger numbers of carbohydrates
__________
linked together
-generally rich in _________
which
fiber
slows down rate of digestion
_________
-allows for more ____________
sustained levels of
energy
2. __________
Lipids
-long chains of ____
C and ____
H in a
1:2 ratio
______
-may contain some other elements too
fats _____,
oils andwaxes
- _____,
__________
-used for ______-term
energy supplies
long
-about _________%
of total body weight
12 - 18
in men and 18
________%
in women
- 24
Fatty Acids
Saturated vs. Unsaturated
-fat molecule is completely covered
saturated with hydrogen
(___________)
solid at room temp.
-generally _______
-fat molecule is not entirely covered
with hydrogen - _____________
unsaturated
-generally liquid at room temp.
-most commonly stored in body as
triglycerides
3 fatty acids
_______________:
___
attached to a _________
glycerol molecule
Trans fats (hydrogenated oils)
-liquid oils that have been chemically
hardened to make them more solid
-often used in snack foods because
they allow for a long shelf life
-Lipids also contain _________,
steroids
cholesterol
______________,
and _______________
hormones
phospholipids - main
-also form ________________
structure of cell membrane
3. _____________
Proteins
-most abundant organic components of
the human body
20 of total body weight
-about ___%
N and
H _____,
-all contain ___,
_____
O
C ____,
possibly even ______
S
-body makes at least __________
400,000
different proteins
**Proteins are chains of _________
amino
acids** - anywhere between 1000 - over
100, 000 long
Protein Functions:
Support
1. __________
- Structural proteins - for
cells, tissues, organs
Movement
2. _____________
- Contractile proteins muscle contraction and individual cells
Transport - carry other substances
3. ___________
in the blood; also inside cells
4. __________
Buffering - help to regulate pH
levels
Metabolic regulation - enzymes
5. ____________________
control metabolism rates
Defense
6. _______________
- antibodies; skin,
hair and nails
7. Communication
_______________ - affect functions of
organs and organ systems
shape is critical to the
**Protein's _________
function
protein's _____________**
temp.
pH __________,
-shape affected by ____,
and ___________
composition
ionic
Nucleic Acid
4. _____________
-large organic molecules
H
C
-composed of _____,
_____,
______,
O
N
______,
and _____
P
stores and processes
-________
___________ genetic
information inside cell
2 kinds:
Deoxyribonucleic
acid (__________)
DNA
____________________
Ribonucleic acid (__________)
____________________
RNA
**Nucleic acids are long chains of
nucleotides
___________**
High Energy Compounds
ATP - cellular energy
______