Download CRCT Home Study Guide For Science- Due

CRCT Home Study Guide For Science- Due Wed. after Spring Break
Characteristics of Science:
1. We study the natural world by doing scientific
_inquiry____________________.
2. James noticed that the sky was gray with puffy clouds. He sees lightning
and hears thunder. James is using his senses to make
___observations___________________-. James runs into his house and
tells his mother that a storm is coming. James’ interpretation is called a
_infrers______________.
3. Scientists use a series of steps called the ________scientific
method_________ _ to solve problems. The scientist gathers information,
makes a ___hypothisis______________, designs an
_exiperiment___________________, collects and interprets the
_data__________, and then draws a _conclusion______________.
4. When doing a lab, you must always wear _googles____________
__apren_______________ and a ___________gloves______________.
5. The branches of science include geology (the study of _earth___________),
hydrology (the study of ____________), paleontology (the study of
___fossils____________), meteorology (the study of
______________________), and astronomy ( the study of
_______space________).
6. While doing an experiment, the scientist wants to first make sure
everything is the same, this is called the ___control__________ variable.
Next, he changes something in the experiment, this is called the
_____________ variable. After changing that variable, there is an effect on
the experiment, this is called the __responding_________________
variable.
a. The cause is the ________________ and the effect is the
_______________________
7. Jackie needs to do an experiment dealing with volume. What will she need?
A triple beam balance, beaker, or a ruler?
8. If the mass of an object is 45 grams, and the volume is 5mL, what is the
density?
9. What is the formula for density?
10.If the density of an object is 150 g/mL, what is the volume of water if the
mass is 75 grams?______________-11.How many centimeters are in 20 millimeters? ____________How many
kilometers are in 30 meters?_____________Hydrology:
12.What percent of the earth is covered in ?_____________.
______________. Only ____ percent is fresh, and of that amount only
_____ percent is usable to humans.
13. Arrange the following on how it is distributed on the surface of the
earth(greatest to least):
_______ groundwater
_______ oceans
_______ ice
_______rivers and lakes
14.What is the water cycle?
15.What type of water goes through the water cycle? Salt or fresh
a. Explain why_____________________________
16. Define Runoff, precipitation, and transpiration.
Run-offPrecipitationTranspirationa. During evaporation, water changes into water _______________-.
b. Clouds form due to the process of ___________________
17.What is the source of energy for the water cycle?
18.The concentration of salt in the ocean is called _______________. The
largest ocean is the _____________ Ocean, but it is getting smaller due to
the many trenches and the process of subduction.
a. The main salt dissolved in ocean water is
__________________________. Its symbol is _____________.
19.The ocean temperatures are higher near the equator and become
___________ the farther north and south you travel.
a. With depth, temperature__________ and
pressure_______________.
b. Evaporation _____________ salinity, while _____________
decreases it.
c. Overall, the level of salinity in the oceans remains the same due to
____________________ and ________________________ occurring
in nearly equal amounts.
20.Density of seawater depends on salinity and ___________________.
21.Density ________________ as you dive deeper into the ocean.
22.The densest water is found in the __________ zone, because this water is
the _________________.
23.Which zone is has the most sunlight? _______________
24.Which zone is mostly affected by precipitation and evaporation? Explain
25.A _________________ is current is driven by the wind. These currents
affect the _____________ of an area by bringing warm or cool air to it.
a. Waves are caused by _____________________. As they get closer to
shore, their ________________ increases, but their ___________
decreases.
b. Waves carry ______________ not _________.
c. What are the two factors that determine the size of the wave?
d. Draw a wave here and label the following: wavelength, waveheight,
crest, trough
26. Please label the following diagram including the abyssal plain, continental
shelf, mid-ocean ridge, continental slope, seamount , trench
27.The same geographical features occur on land also occur on the ocean
floor, except the features on the ocean floor are much ________________.
28.What conditions make it difficult to study the ocean floor?
29.Describe how pressure, density, and temperature change as you journey
towards the ocean floor?
30. Tides are caused by the interaction of the ________________,
_________________, and ______________________.
31.The Moon is the main body that the _____effect on the earth’s water,
because it is ______________ to earth.
32.The side of the earth that is ___________________ and farthest away
will experience ________ tide.
33.Compare and contrast spring and neap tides.
34.What are the ingredients for a cloud?
Geology
35.Label the layers of the earth with the following terms and shade them using
colored pencils: crust, mantle, core, asthenosphere, and lithosphere.
a. Label convection currents in the mantle. The asthenosphere is made
up of a molten material called __________________.
Convection
currents that flow here help to move the pieces of the
_________________________ which are broken up and called
_____________________.
b. The inner core is made of ____________ iron and nickel.
c. The outer core is made of liquid ___________ and nickel.
d. The thinnest layer of the earth is the ____________. It is made
mostly of ________ rock, meaning “fire”.
36.Minerals are the building blocks of ___________.
37.Rocks that form by magma and lava are called _________________. If they
form inside the earth, they are called _______________, and generally
have larger crystals. If they form on or near the surface of the earth, they
are called ________________ igneous rocks, and because they cool must
faster when they encounter cooler air or water, they have ____________
grains.
38.Sedimentary rocks form from pieces of other rocks called
_________________. These other rocks have been weathered and eroded.
These pieces are cemented together and _________________ to form a
rock.
39.Metamorphic rocks are created from other ______________ rocks by
exposure to extreme ____________ and _______________
40.Define the following terms:
a. Weathering
b. Erosion
c. Deposition
41.There are two types of weathering.
a. Mechanical (_______________) weathering is:
________________________________
________________________________________________________
_______________
b. Chemical weathering is:
__________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
_______________
c. Weathering is the _______________ of an object.
__________________ is the carrying away of an object.
d. The agents of erosion are wind, _________________, ice, and
__________________.
42.What process forms soil________________________.
43.List ways that we can conserve soil (CVR cards)
a. ______________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________
c. ______________________________________________________
d. ________________________________________________________
44.Weathered rock and decayed parts of plants and animals is
called_______________________.
A layer of soil is called a _______________________. The development of
soil begins when exposed ______________ begins to weather. Bacteria and
fungi help to break down plant and animal remains and form a dark,
nutrient rich part of the soil called _______________.
45.What is humus and why is it important?
46.Draw and describe the horizons of soil using the box below and the space
beside it.
47. Bedrock is considered to be the “parent rock” of soil for an area. This
means that
_____________________________________________________________
____________
_____________________________________________________________
____________
48.Clear-cutting a forest can increase _____________________ because it
exposes the soil to wind, water, ice, etc.
49.Removing vegetation from an area can increase the rate of
______________ that an area suffers.
50.What is the best method to use to prevent erosion?
51.List 3 ways that humans contribute to soil erosion.
a. _________________________________________________
b. _________________________________________________
c. _________________________________________________
Plate Tectonics
52. At a point in history, all land masses were joined together to make a
supercontinent called ______________. Over time, the land masses drifted
apart in a process called __________________ drift.
a. Evidence to support this theory:
i. Fossils are found in places that now have climates that would
not fit them.
ii. The continents fit together like __________________
_____________.
b. It takes a GREAT force to move these huge pieces of land, some of
which are covered by water as well. The forces necessary do to this
work are created by ____________ ____________ in the earth’s
_______________.
c. The lithospheric plates are divided into two main categories:
i. Oceanic crust which is ______________ dense
ii. ______________ crust which is less dense
d. The heat source for these _______________ currents in the
asthenosphere come from the ____________________.
53.Complete the chart below.
Type of Boundary transform
Type of Fault
Type of Stress
Draw the arrows
normal
tension
54. When two oceanic plates collide, one slides under the other and forms a
____________ where ________________ occurs.
55.When two continental plates collide, neither slides under the other, so they
push upward forming __________________.
56.Two plates may move past each other, grinding along, and get stuck.
Eventually they move, releasing tremendous energy, and an
_____________ occurs. This generally occurs at a
____________________________.
57.New seafloor is ___________________ at a mid-ocean ridge. The old crust
is found_____ away from the crack at the Mid- ocean ridge. This is called
sea-floor spreading. At a trench, plates are ____________________, and
one sub ducts below the other and crust is _________________.
58.What type a boundary occurs at the Mid-Ocean ridge?
59. What does a divergent boundary on land effect the earth’s surface?
Paleontology
60.The remains or traces of things that were once alive are called
____________________.
61.The ________________ age of a rock is when you compare one rock’s age
to another. For example, rock A is older than rock B.
62.The Principle of Superposition states that in a horizontal sedimentary rock
layer, the __________________ rocks are on the bottom. The layer on top
would be ________________.
63.Give an example of how a fossil can reveal a climate change of an area.
64. Give an example of how a fossil can reveal a change in the earth’s surface.
65.Explain why no fossils have been found in Hawaii?
Ecology
66.Resources that can be replaced naturally are called
_____________________.
67.If you cannot replace a resource, then it is __________________.
68.The major types of fossil fuels are ________________, ________________,
and natural gas.
a. The increased temperatures of the earth’s atmosphere, due in part
to the burning of fossil fuels, is called _____________
_________________.
Meteorology
69.Current and waves are created by ___________ which is created by the _________,
so indirectly currents and waves are caused by the ___________.
70.The composition 0f the atmosphere:
a. _________Oxygen ________ Nitrogen ________ Other gases
71.Describe how pressure, density, and temperature change as altitude
increases.
72.The atmosphere is a ____________ gases that __________________ our
planet. The _________________ is the layer of the atmosphere where we
_________. Tt is the ____________ layer, because it is at the
_______________ of the atmosphere. This is also where _____________
occurs.
73.Which process of the water cycle effects the humidity?
74.What three things do you need to create a cloud?
75. The three basic clouds are ______________. _____________, and
_______________. ______________ clouds are puffy and bring
_________ weather. Storm clouds or ________________ are associated
with _______________ and ________________. Stratus clouds are
___________ and can cover the entire ________. The process that creates
clouds is called __________________.
76. Unequal heating creates ____________.
77.Wind is the __________________ movement of air.
78.Air always moves from an area of _____________ pressure to an area of
_________ pressure.
79. Winds are caused by a _____________________ in p____________.
80.Winds do not blow in a straight line in the ______________ hemisphere
curve to the __________ because of the ______________________.
81.Local winds travel _____________ distances. An example of local winds are
____________________ and ________________, which are caused by
difference in temperature between the _______ and ________.
82.During the day at the beach, the land ______________ and
_________________ faster than the water. This phenomenon creates
_________ breezes. How does the heating and cooling rates of land
different from the water?
83. During the night at the beach, the winds move ____________ the sea,
because the air above the sea is _______________ than the air above the
land.
84.How are global winds created?16-3
85.Global _____________ currents cause warm air to ______________ at the
__________________ and ______________ at the poles.
86.What is the name of the global wind that has the most effect on the
weather in the United States?
Use Figure below for 87.
A
X
87.Which location is considered landlocked X or A?
a) How does the climate of X compare to the climate at A?
b) How do the coastal waters affect the climates at the coast?
88.Why is it warmer at the equator than the poles?
Use the figure below to answer the following questions:
wind
Y
Z
89.Which is the leeward side?
a) Which is the windward side?
b) Which side will have the most rain?
c) Which side will be the drier?
d) What causes one side of the mountain to be drier than the other?
90.How does moisture evaporating from oceans affect:
a) hurricanes
b) air masses,
c) condensation
d) precipitation
91.Why is the sun a major source for the Earth’s energy?
92. If the weather forecast states that a storm is approaching, it likely that a
__________ front is approaching.
93. Many ____________ and ____________ days are associated with a
stationary _____________.
94.
_________ fair is associated with ________ fronts.
95.
If the barometer begins to _________, you know that a __________ is a
approaching.
96.
A barometer measures air _______________. 17-4
97.What technology has revolutionized how the weather is forecasted?
Astronomy
98.What is the difference between heliocentric and geocentric?
99.Where the Solar System located on Milky Way Galaxy? he rotation of the
__________ on its ________creates day and ________.
100.
Explain why we have seasons.
101.
If the northern hemisphere is pointed away from the sun, what
season will we experience?
102.
How are the Sun, Moon and Earth Aligned during a solar and lunar
eclipse?
103.
During a solar eclipse what tide would you experience?
104.
Illustrate the phases of the moon.
B
A
C
105.
What type of front is A? ____________ What type of
weather would you expect to occur in Washington?
106.
Which direction is Front C moving?
107.
Predict what type of weather Atlanta may have in a few
days?
108.
What does the H and L represent on the map?
109.
An air mass forms over the Gulf of Mexico, describe it
humidity and temperature.