* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Chp.34.Blank.Notes - King Philip Regional School District
Ancient Roman architecture wikipedia , lookup
Cursus honorum wikipedia , lookup
Promagistrate wikipedia , lookup
Military of ancient Rome wikipedia , lookup
Constitutional reforms of Sulla wikipedia , lookup
Travel in Classical antiquity wikipedia , lookup
Switzerland in the Roman era wikipedia , lookup
Romanization of Hispania wikipedia , lookup
Roman funerary practices wikipedia , lookup
Roman army of the late Republic wikipedia , lookup
Roman Republic wikipedia , lookup
Constitutional reforms of Augustus wikipedia , lookup
Rome (TV series) wikipedia , lookup
Demography of the Roman Empire wikipedia , lookup
Roman Republican governors of Gaul wikipedia , lookup
Education in ancient Rome wikipedia , lookup
Roman economy wikipedia , lookup
Food and dining in the Roman Empire wikipedia , lookup
Roman historiography wikipedia , lookup
Culture of ancient Rome wikipedia , lookup
Roman technology wikipedia , lookup
Treaties between Rome and Carthage wikipedia , lookup
Early Roman army wikipedia , lookup
Name:__________________________ Color:_______ Date:________ Chapter 34 Preview From Republic to Empire Essential Question: Did the benefits of Roman expansion outweigh the costs? Chapter 34 Suppose that your family was much larger – perhaps two or three times larger than it is now. What would be some of the benefits of living in a larger family? What might be some of the drawbacks, or costs? 34.1 Introduction • In this chapter you’ll discover how the republic grew into a mighty empire that ruled the entire ____________________ world. • Define E M P I R E ____________________________________________________________________________________ • The expansion of Roman power took place over about ____________ years, from _______ B.C.E. to ______C.E. • Power shifted from a _____________, or the rule by many(elected officials), to one single supreme____________. This shift caused dramatic changes and costs to the Roman Empire, let’s see what those changes cost the Romans. Use this map to chart the expansion of the Roman Empire!!! ****Colored pencils are REQUIRED! 34.2 From Republic to Empire: An Overview In the flowchart below, summarize the expansion of Rome during each time period. (Dates: ___________ to ______________ ) Rome drove out the _______________, and the __________ in central Italy. By 265 BCE, the Romans had control of all of _____________ (Dates: ___________ to ______________) Rome and ___________ in North Africa fought _______ major wars. As a result they gained control of ______________, much of ___________ and the island of ___________. Roman armies also conquered ______________ and ________________. (Dates: ___________ to ______________) Rome expanded to rule nearly the entire ______________ _________. However, _________ wars divide the ________. Julius ___________ became the ____________ of Rome. But was ___________ in 44 B.C.E. and his grandnephew, _______________ seized control. The Senate named him Augustus, or “_____________________”. Rome was now an _________ governed by one ___________________ _________________. (Dates: ___________ to ______________) The first emperor, __________________, added a great deal of new _________________. At its height, the Roman Empire stretched from the island of _______________________ in the west to the ________ ___________ in the east. 34.3 1st Expansion: Rome’s Conquest of the Italian Peninsula, 509 to 264 BCE •509 B.C.E : The last _____________ king was overthrown. SPQR** means… ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ •Romans begin to expand their ____________ and influence. • 493 BCE: Romans sign a __________* or __________ with their Latin neighbors to the south. • 390 B.C.E. Rome nearly came to an end when the *________,a warlike people from the north, __________ and ___________ most of Rome. • 300’s BCE Rome rebuilt their city and then conquered ______________ , the ________________ to the south, and other Greek ______- _______ Rome controls the _________________ Peninsula! Expansion costs the Romans!!!! Rome had to keep a large, ____________ ________to defend it. *More and more _____________ were forced to serve in the army. Defeated cities also paid a cost for the expansion!!!! They were not treated very well. They could not ________ with Rome and *Roman __________ had to pay Roman ________ and supply ______________ for Roman armies. What is the story of *Cincinnatus? (pg 326) • One of the _________ of the Roman Republic. The ___________ __________ made him __________, or supreme ruler , so he could rescue the city from an attack by a neighboring tribe. After defeating the enemy, he willingly gave up his _______ and returned to his ________! **Shade and color code on your map the territory gained during the 1st period of expansion 34.4 2nd Expansion: Overseas Expansion During the Punic Wars, 264 BCE to 146 BCE 1st Punic War: Mainly a sea battle Start Date_______________ • Rome captured a_______________ battleship, copied and improved upon it. • Romans constructed 140 ships in short time of 60 days!! “punic” means___________________ ______________________________* __________ year of savage wars between ROME and CARTHAGE (in __________________) NEW FEATURE added: The corvus** stood in an upright position until the Roman ship came next to the enemy ship. Then the plank was lowered onto the ship, the spike (hook) secured it, and well-trained Roman soldiers rushed across the gangway onto the enemy ship to slaughter the Carthaginian sailors. This tactic would turn this naval battle the Romans way 2nd Punic War Carthaginians decide to attack Italy itself Start Date:_____________ • To reach Italy_________________**—a brilliant Carthaginian general decided to lead his army over the towering snow-capped ALPS • 40,000 infantry, 6,000 cavalry and 37 elephants from Spain to Italy • His troops rode ___________ and braved ____________, landslides, and attacks by local _________. • For ________years, Hannibal marched up and down the Italian peninsula inflicting staggering losses upon the Romans. FACT: In one series of battles the Romans lost 65,000 men! • BUT, Hannibal never attacked Rome itself capturing the city seemed impossible. Despite this, no Roman general was able to defeat Hannibal’s forces in battle SO, How did Rome strike back? A new Roman leader S C I P I O** set sail to Africa to attack Carthage directly. Carthaginian leaders ordered Hannibal to come home immediately!! RESULT: Back in Carthage, Hannibal finally was defeated –ended Second Punic War Carthage was forced to give _________to Rome along with huge amounts of __________ 3rd Punic War Three Years Long Start Date:_____________ • The Romans made cruel demands - “turn over 300 children from noble families to be used as hostages during negotiations” …… they were never returned • Demanded that all weapons and machines of war be turned over…… but the Romans still were not satisfied… • Demanded all citizens leave Carthage, relocate and build ten miles inland. the Final straw!!! The Carthaginians put up a brave effort but the end result was… ________________was burned to the ground The Punic Wars expanded Roman power and territory. List the costs or price the wars took on the Romans. 1. __________________________________________________________ 2. __________________________________________________________ 3. __________________________________________________________ 4. ___________________________________________________________ **Shade and color code on your map the territory gained during the 2nd period of expansion 34.5 3rd Expansion: Final Years of the Republic, 145 BCE – 44 BCE But… THE _______________ COLLAPSES Great_________ Conquests Why did the republic collapse? A. Why were Roman allies frustrated? How did they then become citizens of Rome? B. Where did Roman slaves come from? How were they treated? C. Who is Spartacus? What were the consequences of this actions? C. Explain the problems that arose because Rome had so many slaves. D. Who supported ambitious Roman leaders who sought power in Rome? Civil War __________________ vs. _____________________** • Pompey was in Rome and had the support of the ________________ ______________ •He conquered much of **_________---(modern-day France) •Caesar commanded an army – north of Italy- across the Rubicon River •But the _________forbade Caesar from entering Italy, but he did anyway RESULT: After 3 years of fighting, Caesar defeated Pompey. The frightened Senate named Caesar …. __________________for life!! ****_________________form of government comes to an end As dictator, Julius Caesar introduced many reforms: 1. 2. 3. Gave work to thousands of Romans (building ________and _____________________) Kept people happy with ________________ _______________ Adopted a new _______________________, we use today! Caesar had a vision of Rome as a great empire. But he did not live to see his vision come true Explain what happened to Caesar. WHY did this happen? **Shade and color code on your map the territory gained during the 3rd period of expansion 34.6: 4th Expansion: Rome Becomes an Empire, 44 BCE – 14 CE **__________________ 1. To gain power Octavian had to defeat ___________ __________. 2. His army chased Queen ____________ of Egypt and general _______ ___________ to Egypt, where they killed themselves! Octavian became the supreme __________(emperor)of the Mediterranean region! The Senate gave him the title** ___________________ which means “___________________” OR (_____________) ***Historians call him Rome’s ___________ _______________ • As ruler of Rome, Augustus encouraged ____________, ______________, ___________ and completed grand _________________ ______________ repaired more than 80 _____________ ________________ • His famous quote “I found Rome _______ and left it ______________” • He also gave Rome its first ____________________, ______________and _____________ Life under Emperor Augustus • To help defend the empire, he pushed the boarders to ___________ __________________ • The economy through trade was strong --- ___________, ____________and roads were built • Goods flowed into Rome from as far away as _____________ • Roman coins made trade easier = single system of ________________ BUT, this final expansion brought new problems… • ______________ needed to be reformed by Augustus (to many unfaithful marriages!) Augustus formed a private army, the ____________________ to protect him ***In later years, this same Guard sometimes murdered the ________________it was supposed to protect! This period is Pax Romana ** or _____________ _____________ Later emperors still added to the territory controlled by Rome. At it’s height, the Roman Empire stretched from the island of _______________________ to the ______________________!!! Greatest the world had ever known ROME RULED OVER AN EMPIRE THAT LASTED _________ YEARS _____________ THIS EMPIRE WOULD BECOME INCREASINGLY CHALLENGING AND COSTLY AS TIME WENT ON **Shade and color code on your map the territory gained during the 4th period of expansion Conquest of the Italian Peninsula The Romans defeated the ____________, _________________, and Greek _______-__________. They also formed ________________ with neighbors. Plebeians would have objected to this expansion because they had to serve in the __________. Defeated people would have objected because they had to serve in the _________, pay Roman _________, and couldn’t always become Roman __________ Overseas Expansion during the Punic Wars Rome fought with ___________for control of the ___________________. Rome gained control of _______________, __________________, _______________ and __________________. __________ , ____________, __________ and new ________ came from the conquered lands. • Carthaginians would have objected because the Romans sold them into ___________ and _____________Carthage. • Roman farmers would have objected because ____________ destroyed many _________. • Farmers had to _______________their farms to fight, and Rome began importing __________ from other lands • Many __________ __________ had to sell their land. • Julius Caesar started projects to make new _________ and __________ _______________ to provide work. • He adopted a new _________. • He staged _____________ _______________ poor people could watch for free. • He started new _____________ and granted _______________ to people in _____________ and ____________ • People from conquered lands would have objected to being turned into ______________ • Farmers and laborers did not like losing their ___________ to slaves • The Senate might have objected because Caesar was a threat to their ______________ The Pax Romana was a _____________period of Roman rule in the Mediterranean that lasted _________ years. Caesar Augustus encouraged ____________, _______ and__________. He completed grand __________ ______________, increased the size of the _____________, and improved _________ _______ • Romans might have objected to harsh ____________ for people who did not follow ___________ • They may also objected to the _______________ Guard and the need for a huge __________ to control a large amount of ________________