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Chapter 34 Preview
From Republic to Empire
Essential Question: Did the benefits of Roman expansion
outweigh the costs?
Chapter
34
Suppose that your family was much larger – perhaps two or three times larger than it is
now. What would be some of the benefits of living in a larger family? What might be some
of the drawbacks, or costs?
34.1 Introduction
• In this chapter you’ll discover how the republic grew into a mighty empire that ruled the entire
____________________ world.
• Define E M P I R E
____________________________________________________________________________________
• The expansion of Roman power took place over about ____________ years, from _______ B.C.E. to
______C.E.
• Power shifted from a _____________, or the rule by many(elected officials), to one single
supreme____________. This shift caused dramatic changes and costs to the Roman Empire, let’s see
what those changes cost the Romans.
Use this map to chart the expansion of the Roman Empire!!!
****Colored pencils are REQUIRED!
34.2 From Republic to Empire: An Overview
In the flowchart below, summarize the expansion of Rome during each time period.
(Dates:
___________ to ______________ )
Rome drove out the _______________, and the __________ in central
Italy. By 265 BCE, the Romans had control of all of _____________
(Dates:
___________ to ______________)
Rome and ___________ in North Africa fought _______ major wars. As a
result they gained control of ______________, much of ___________ and the
island of ___________. Roman armies also conquered ______________ and
________________.
(Dates:
___________ to ______________)
Rome expanded to rule nearly the entire ______________ _________. However,
_________ wars divide the ________. Julius ___________ became the
____________ of Rome. But was ___________ in 44 B.C.E. and his
grandnephew, _______________ seized control. The Senate named him
Augustus, or “_____________________”. Rome was now an _________
governed by one ___________________ _________________.
(Dates:
___________ to ______________)
The first emperor, __________________, added a great deal of new
_________________. At its height, the Roman Empire stretched from the
island of _______________________ in the west to the ________
___________ in the east.
34.3 1st Expansion: Rome’s Conquest of the Italian Peninsula, 509 to 264 BCE
•509 B.C.E : The last _____________
king was overthrown.
SPQR**
means…
____________________
____________________
____________________
•Romans begin to expand their
____________ and influence.
• 493 BCE: Romans sign a
__________* or __________
with their Latin neighbors to
the south.
• 390 B.C.E. Rome nearly came to an
end when the *________,a warlike
people from the north, __________
and ___________ most of Rome.
• 300’s BCE Rome rebuilt their city and then
conquered ______________ , the
________________ to the south, and
other Greek ______- _______
Rome controls the
_________________ Peninsula!
Expansion costs the Romans!!!!
Rome had to keep a large, ____________
________to defend it. *More and more
_____________ were forced to serve in the army.
Defeated cities also paid a cost for the
expansion!!!! They were not treated very
well. They could not ________ with Rome
and *Roman __________ had to pay Roman
________ and supply ______________ for
Roman armies.
What is the story of *Cincinnatus?
(pg 326)
• One of the _________ of the
Roman Republic. The ___________
__________ made him
__________, or supreme ruler , so
he could rescue the city from an
attack by a neighboring tribe.
After defeating the enemy, he
willingly gave up his _______ and
returned to his ________!
**Shade and color code on your map the territory gained during the 1st period of expansion
34.4 2nd Expansion: Overseas Expansion During the Punic Wars, 264 BCE to 146 BCE
1st Punic War: Mainly a sea battle
Start Date_______________
• Rome captured a_______________ battleship,
copied and improved upon it.
• Romans constructed 140 ships in short time of
60 days!!
“punic” means___________________
______________________________*
__________ year of savage wars
between ROME and CARTHAGE
(in __________________)
NEW FEATURE added:
The corvus** stood in an upright position until the Roman ship came next
to the enemy ship. Then the plank was lowered onto the ship, the spike
(hook) secured it, and well-trained Roman soldiers rushed across the
gangway onto the enemy ship to slaughter the Carthaginian sailors.
This tactic would turn this naval battle the Romans way
2nd Punic War Carthaginians decide to attack Italy itself
Start Date:_____________
• To reach Italy_________________**—a brilliant Carthaginian general
decided to lead his army over the towering snow-capped ALPS
• 40,000 infantry, 6,000 cavalry and 37 elephants from Spain to Italy
• His troops rode ___________ and braved ____________, landslides, and
attacks by local _________.
• For ________years, Hannibal marched up and down the Italian peninsula
inflicting staggering losses upon the Romans.
FACT: In one series of battles the Romans lost 65,000 men!
• BUT, Hannibal never attacked Rome itself  capturing the city seemed impossible. Despite
this, no Roman general was able to defeat Hannibal’s forces in battle
SO, How did Rome strike back?
A new Roman leader S C I P I O** set sail to Africa to attack Carthage directly.
Carthaginian leaders ordered Hannibal to come home immediately!!
RESULT: Back in Carthage, Hannibal finally was defeated –ended Second Punic War
Carthage was forced to give _________to Rome along with huge amounts of __________
3rd Punic War Three Years Long
Start Date:_____________
• The Romans made cruel demands - “turn over 300 children from noble
families to be used as hostages during negotiations”
…… they were never returned
• Demanded that all weapons and machines of war be turned over…… but
the Romans still were not satisfied…
• Demanded all citizens leave Carthage, relocate and build ten miles
inland.
the Final straw!!!
The Carthaginians put up a brave effort but the end result was…
________________was burned to the ground
The Punic Wars expanded Roman power and territory.
List the costs or price the wars took on the Romans.
1.
__________________________________________________________
2.
__________________________________________________________
3.
__________________________________________________________
4.
___________________________________________________________
**Shade and color code on your map the territory gained during the 2nd period of expansion
34.5 3rd Expansion: Final Years of the Republic, 145 BCE – 44 BCE
But…
THE _______________ COLLAPSES
Great_________
Conquests
Why did the republic collapse?
A.
Why were Roman allies frustrated? How did they then become citizens of Rome?
B.
Where did Roman slaves come from? How were they treated?
C.
Who is Spartacus? What were the consequences of this actions?
C.
Explain the problems that arose because Rome had so many slaves.
D.
Who supported ambitious Roman leaders who sought power in Rome?
Civil War
__________________
vs.
_____________________**
• Pompey was in
Rome and had the
support of the
________________
______________
•He conquered much of
**_________---(modern-day
France)
•Caesar commanded an army –
north of Italy- across the
Rubicon River
•But the _________forbade
Caesar from entering Italy,
but he did anyway
RESULT: After 3 years of fighting, Caesar defeated Pompey. The
frightened Senate named Caesar ….
__________________for life!!
****_________________form of government comes to an end
As dictator, Julius Caesar introduced many reforms:
1.
2.
3.
Gave work to thousands of Romans (building ________and
_____________________)
Kept people happy with ________________ _______________
Adopted a new _______________________, we use today!
Caesar had a vision of Rome as a great empire.
But he did not live to see his vision come true
Explain what happened to Caesar. WHY did this happen?
**Shade and color code on your map the territory gained during the 3rd period of expansion
34.6: 4th Expansion: Rome Becomes an Empire, 44 BCE – 14 CE
**__________________

1. To gain power Octavian had to defeat
___________ __________.
2. His army chased Queen ____________ of
Egypt and general _______ ___________ to
Egypt, where they killed themselves!
Octavian became the supreme __________(emperor)of the
Mediterranean region!
The Senate gave him the title** ___________________ which
means “___________________” OR (_____________)
***Historians call him Rome’s ___________ _______________
• As ruler of Rome, Augustus encouraged ____________, ______________,
___________ and completed grand _________________ ______________
repaired more than 80 _____________ ________________
• His famous quote “I found Rome _______
and left it ______________”
• He also gave Rome its first ____________________, ______________and
_____________
Life under Emperor Augustus
• To help defend the empire, he pushed the boarders to ___________ __________________
• The economy through trade was strong --- ___________, ____________and roads were
built
• Goods flowed into Rome from as far away as _____________
• Roman coins made trade easier = single system of ________________
BUT, this final expansion brought new problems…
•
______________ needed to be reformed by Augustus (to many unfaithful marriages!)
Augustus formed a private army, the ____________________ to protect him
***In later years, this same Guard sometimes murdered the ________________it was
supposed to protect!
This period is
Pax Romana **
or _____________ _____________
Later emperors still added to the territory controlled by Rome.
At it’s height, the Roman Empire stretched from the island of
_______________________ to the ______________________!!!
Greatest the world had ever known
ROME RULED OVER AN EMPIRE THAT LASTED _________
YEARS
_____________ THIS EMPIRE WOULD BECOME INCREASINGLY
CHALLENGING AND COSTLY AS TIME WENT ON
**Shade and color code on your map the territory gained during the 4th period of expansion
Conquest of the
Italian Peninsula
 The Romans defeated the
____________,
_________________, and
Greek _______-__________.
 They also formed
________________ with
neighbors.
 Plebeians would have
objected to this expansion
because they had to serve in
the __________.
 Defeated people would have
objected because they had to
serve in the _________, pay
Roman _________, and
couldn’t always become
Roman __________
Overseas Expansion
during the Punic Wars
 Rome fought with ___________for
control of the
___________________.
 Rome gained control of
_______________,
__________________,
_______________ and
__________________.
 __________ , ____________,
__________ and new ________
came from the conquered lands.
• Carthaginians would have objected
because the Romans sold them into
___________ and
_____________Carthage.
• Roman farmers would have objected
because ____________ destroyed
many _________.
• Farmers had to _______________their
farms to fight, and Rome began
importing __________ from other lands
• Many __________ __________ had to
sell their land.
• Julius Caesar started projects to
make new _________ and
__________ _______________
to provide work.
• He adopted a new _________.
• He staged _____________
_______________ poor people
could watch for free.
• He started new _____________
and granted _______________
to people in _____________
and ____________
• People from conquered lands
would have objected to being
turned into ______________
• Farmers and laborers did not
like losing their ___________
to slaves
• The Senate might have objected
because Caesar was a threat to
their ______________
The Pax Romana was a
_____________period of Roman
rule in the Mediterranean that lasted
_________ years.
Caesar Augustus encouraged
____________, _______
and__________. He completed
grand __________ ______________,
increased the size of the
_____________, and improved
_________ _______
• Romans might have objected to
harsh ____________ for people
who did not follow ___________
• They may also objected to the
_______________ Guard and
the need for a huge __________
to control a large amount of
________________