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Somatic Symptom Disorders Formerly known as Somatoform Disorders • Occur when a person manifests a psychological problem through a physiological symptom. • Two types…… Illness Anxiety Disorder Formerly Hypochondriasis • Has frequent physical complaints for which medical doctors are unable to locate the cause. • They usually believe that the minor issues (headache, upset stomach) are indicative of more severe illnesses. Functional Neurological Symptom Formerly Conversion Disorder • Report the existence of severe physical problems with no biological reason • Many people that suffer from conversion disorder become blind after witnessing a horrible tragedy or paralyzed from the waist down after the death of a loved one. Mood Disorders Experience extreme or inappropriate emotion Depression • The common cold of psychological disorders It is like a warning that something is wrong Major Depressive Disorder unipolar depression • A person, for no apparent reason, experiences two or more weeks of depressive moods. Includes feelings of worthlessness and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities, friends, and family Dysthymic Disorder • Suffering from mild depression every day for at least two years (down-in-the dumps mood) • Difficulty making decisions; chronic low energy and low self-esteem • Sleep/eat too much or not enough This is one mildly depressed sheep!!! I guess we should try to shear her up (get it?) Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) • People that suffer from SAD only experience depression during the winter months. • It is believed that the lack of sunlight (not temperature) in the winter brings about the depression. • Therapist recommend something called light therapy; using a light that mimics the sun (it is pricey so my advice would be just to move to Bipolar Disorder • Also known as manic-depressive illness • Person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania. • Manic episodes involve feelings of high energy (but they tend to differ a lot…some get confident, wildly optimistic, but some get irritable). • Engage in risky behavior during the manic episode – due to their inflated sense of well-being/confidence) i.e. impulsive buying sprees, sexual indiscretions • Severe cases include psychotic symptoms including delusions (false beliefs) and hallucinations Bipolar I and Bipolar II Main Difference: Matter of Severity • Bipolar I – Manic Episodes • Mood that is over the top, or extremely irritable • Experiences major depressive episodes • Mayexperience psychosis (thoughts/emotions so impaired can experience a loss of reality) • Life seriously disrupted by symptoms/may need hospitalization • Bipolar II – Hypomanic Episodes • Mild form of mania marked by elevated mood, elation, irritability, hyperactivity, racing thoughts, decreased need for sleep • May experience major depressive episodes • Not as serious, no psychotic symptoms Cyclothymia (sy-kloe-THIE-me-uh) • A rare mood disorder causing emotional ups and downs. • Not as extreme as Bipolar I or Bipolar II • You may feel on top of the world for a time, followed by a low period when you feel somewhat down (between the highs and lows you may feel stable and fine) • It’s still critical to get treated for this – may interfere with your ability to function and increase your risk of Bipolar I or Bipolar II Famous People with Bipolar Bipolar Brain Norepinephrine – Increases arousal and boosts mood Dissociative Disorders • Disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts and feelings. Psychogenic / Dissociative Amnesia • A person cannot remember things with no physiological basis for the disruption in memory. • Retrograde Amnesia • NOT organic amnesia. • Organic amnesia can be retrograde or anterograde. Dissociative Amnesia • Localized amnesia is present in an individual who has no memory of specific events that took place, usually traumatic. The loss of memory is localized with a specific window of time. For example, a survivor of a car wreck who has no memory of the experience until two days later is experiencing localized amnesia. • Selective amnesia happens when a person can recall only small parts of events that took place in a defined period of time. For example, an abuse victim may recall only some parts of the series of events around the abuse. • Generalized amnesia is diagnosed when a person's amnesia encompasses his or her entire life. • Systematized amnesia is characterized by a loss of memory for a specific category of information. A person with this disorder might, for example, be missing all memories about one specific family member. Dissociative Fugue Now just referred to as “Dissociative Amnesia” • An individual with dissociative fugue suddenly and unexpectedly takes physical leave of his or her surroundings and sets off on a journey of some kind •These journeys can last hours, or even several days or months Dissociative Fugue • Individuals experiencing a dissociative fugue have traveled over thousands of miles An individual in a fugue state is unaware of or confused about his identity, and in some cases will assume a new identity (although this is the exception) Depersonalization Disorder • is marked by a feeling of detachment or distance from one's own experience, body, or self. One can easily relate to feeling as they in a dream, or being "spaced out." A person's experience with depersonalization can be so severe that he or she believes the external world is unreal or distorted. Dissociative Identity Disorder • A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities Called “alters”) • Use to be known as Multiple Personality Disorder • People with DID commonly have a history of childhood abuse or trauma. Schizophrenic Disorders • About 1 in every 100 people are diagnosed with schizophrenia. Symptoms of Schizophrenia 1. Disorganized thinking. 2. Disturbed Perceptions 3. Inappropriate Emotions and Actions Disorganized Thinking • The thinking of a person with Schizophrenia is fragmented and bizarre and distorted with false beliefs •Disorganized thinking comes from a breakdown in selective attention.they cannot filter out information Often causes……… Delusions (false beliefs) • Delusions of Persecution • Delusions of Grandeur Disturbed Perceptions • hallucinations- sensory experiences without sensory stimulation Inappropriate Emotions and Actions • Laugh at inappropriate times • Flat Effect • Senseless, compulsive acts • Catatonia- motionless Waxy Flexibility Positive v. Negative Symptoms Positive Symptoms • Presence of inappropriate symptoms Negative Symptoms • Absence of appropriate ones Paranoid Schizophrenia • preoccupation with delusions or hallucinations • Somebody is out to get me!!!! Disorganized Schizophrenia • disorganized speech or behavior, or flat or inappropriate emotion Catatonic Schizophrenia • parrot like repeating of another’s speech and movements