Download Psychological Disorders

Somatic Symptom Disorders
Formerly known as Somatoform Disorders
• Occur when a person
manifests a
psychological
problem through a
physiological
symptom.
• Two types……
Illness Anxiety Disorder
Formerly Hypochondriasis
• Has frequent
physical complaints
for which medical
doctors are unable
to locate the cause.
• They usually believe
that the minor
issues (headache,
upset stomach) are
indicative of more
severe illnesses.
Functional Neurological
Symptom Formerly Conversion Disorder
• Report the existence
of severe physical
problems with no
biological reason
• Many people that suffer
from conversion
disorder become blind
after witnessing a
horrible tragedy or
paralyzed from the
waist down after the
death of a loved one.
Mood
Disorders
Experience extreme or inappropriate emotion
Depression
• The common cold of psychological
disorders
It is like a warning that
something is wrong
Major Depressive Disorder
unipolar depression
• A person, for no
apparent reason,
experiences two or
more weeks of
depressive moods.
Includes feelings of
worthlessness and diminished
interest or pleasure in most
activities, friends, and family
Dysthymic Disorder
• Suffering from mild
depression every day
for at least two
years (down-in-the
dumps mood)
• Difficulty making
decisions; chronic
low energy and low
self-esteem
• Sleep/eat too much
or not enough
This is one mildly
depressed sheep!!! I
guess we should try to
shear her up (get it?)
Seasonal Affective Disorder
(SAD)
• People that suffer from SAD only experience
depression during the winter months.
• It is believed that the lack of sunlight (not
temperature) in the winter brings about the
depression.
• Therapist recommend something called light
therapy; using a light that mimics the sun (it is
pricey so my advice would be just to move to
Bipolar Disorder
• Also known as manic-depressive illness
• Person alternates between the hopelessness and
lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of
mania.
• Manic episodes involve feelings of high energy (but
they tend to differ a lot…some get confident, wildly
optimistic, but some get irritable).
• Engage in risky behavior during the manic episode – due
to their inflated sense of well-being/confidence) i.e.
impulsive buying sprees, sexual indiscretions
• Severe cases include psychotic symptoms including
delusions (false beliefs) and hallucinations
Bipolar I and Bipolar II
Main Difference: Matter of Severity
• Bipolar I – Manic
Episodes
• Mood that is over the top,
or extremely irritable
• Experiences major
depressive episodes
• Mayexperience psychosis
(thoughts/emotions so
impaired can experience
a loss of reality)
• Life seriously disrupted
by symptoms/may need
hospitalization
• Bipolar II – Hypomanic
Episodes
• Mild form of mania
marked by elevated
mood, elation, irritability,
hyperactivity, racing
thoughts, decreased
need for sleep
• May experience major
depressive episodes
• Not as serious, no
psychotic symptoms
Cyclothymia
(sy-kloe-THIE-me-uh)
• A rare mood disorder causing emotional ups and
downs.
• Not as extreme as Bipolar I or Bipolar II
• You may feel on top of the world for a time,
followed by a low period when you feel
somewhat down (between the highs and lows
you may feel stable and fine)
• It’s still critical to get treated for this – may
interfere with your ability to function and
increase your risk of Bipolar I or Bipolar II
Famous People with Bipolar
Bipolar Brain
Norepinephrine – Increases arousal and
boosts mood
Dissociative Disorders
• Disorders in which
conscious awareness
becomes separated
(dissociated) from
previous memories,
thoughts and feelings.
Psychogenic / Dissociative
Amnesia
• A person cannot
remember things with
no physiological basis
for the disruption in
memory.
• Retrograde Amnesia
• NOT organic amnesia.
• Organic amnesia can
be retrograde or
anterograde.
Dissociative Amnesia
• Localized amnesia is present in an individual who has no
memory of specific events that took place, usually
traumatic. The loss of memory is localized with a specific
window of time. For example, a survivor of a car wreck
who has no memory of the experience until two days later
is experiencing localized amnesia.
• Selective amnesia happens when a person can recall
only small parts of events that took place in a defined
period of time. For example, an abuse victim may recall
only some parts of the series of events around the abuse.
• Generalized amnesia is diagnosed when a person's
amnesia encompasses his or her entire life.
• Systematized amnesia is characterized by a loss of
memory for a specific category of information. A person
with this disorder might, for example, be missing all
memories about one specific family member.
Dissociative Fugue
Now just referred to as “Dissociative Amnesia”
• An individual with dissociative fugue
suddenly and unexpectedly takes
physical leave of his or her surroundings
and sets off on a journey of some kind
•These journeys can last hours, or even
several days or months
Dissociative Fugue
• Individuals experiencing a dissociative fugue
have traveled over thousands of miles
An individual in a fugue state is unaware of or
confused about his identity, and in some
cases will assume a new identity (although
this is the exception)
Depersonalization Disorder
• is marked by a feeling of detachment or
distance from one's own experience,
body, or self.
One can easily relate to feeling as they
in a dream, or being "spaced out."
A person's experience with depersonalization
can be so severe that he or she believes the
external world is unreal or distorted.
Dissociative Identity Disorder
• A rare dissociative disorder in which a person
exhibits two or more distinct and alternating
personalities Called “alters”)
• Use to be known as Multiple
Personality Disorder
• People with DID commonly have a history of
childhood abuse or trauma.
Schizophrenic Disorders
• About 1 in every 100
people are diagnosed
with schizophrenia.
Symptoms of
Schizophrenia
1. Disorganized thinking.
2. Disturbed Perceptions
3. Inappropriate Emotions
and Actions
Disorganized Thinking
• The thinking of a person with
Schizophrenia is fragmented and
bizarre and distorted with false beliefs
•Disorganized thinking comes from a
breakdown in selective attention.they cannot filter out information
Often causes………
Delusions (false beliefs)
• Delusions of
Persecution
• Delusions of
Grandeur
Disturbed Perceptions
• hallucinations- sensory experiences
without sensory stimulation
Inappropriate Emotions and
Actions
• Laugh at
inappropriate times
• Flat Effect
• Senseless,
compulsive acts
• Catatonia- motionless
Waxy Flexibility
Positive v. Negative Symptoms
Positive Symptoms
• Presence of
inappropriate
symptoms
Negative Symptoms
• Absence of
appropriate ones
Paranoid Schizophrenia
• preoccupation
with delusions
or hallucinations
• Somebody is out
to get me!!!!
Disorganized Schizophrenia
• disorganized speech or behavior, or flat or
inappropriate emotion
Catatonic Schizophrenia
• parrot like repeating of another’s speech
and movements