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Transcript
GEOLOGY LOG LEARNING TARGETS 1. EARTH’S LAYERS PAGES 193 - 199 2. PLATE TECTONICS PAGES 201-212 3. VOLCANOES PAGE 228 4. EARTHQUAKES PAGES 239-247 5. MEASURING EARTHQUAKE WAVES PAGES 252- 265 ESSENTIAL LEARNINGS 1. Outermost solid layer of Earth is called the ________ 2. Two types of crusts: __________ and __________ 3. Region of hot, slow-flowing rock: _____________ 4. The densest layer is called the _______________. It is a solid. 5.The _____________ ________________ is the liquid layer of the Earth’s core. 1. Who proposed the hypothesis of continental drift? _______________________ 2. Scientists believe the continents were joined in a single large landmass called __________________. 3. ____________________________takes place at mid-ocean ridges. 4. Younger rocks are generally closer to the _________________than older rock since molten rock rises through the cracks, cools and forms new oceanic crust. 5. ______________ ___________describes large-scale movements of the Earth’s crust and upper part of the mantle. 6. Which plates are more dense? continental or oceanic plates 7. When plates collide it forms a _______________ boundary. 8. When plates move away from each other a ____________________ boundary is formed 9. When two plates move past each other horizontally a _______________ boundary is formed. 1. Melted rock or ___________ is less dense than solid rock, so it rises toward the surface. 2. ______________ is magma that has reached Earth’s surface. 1. The ________ is a place within Earth along a fault at which the first motion of an earthquake occurs. 2. Directly above the focus on Earth’s surface is the ______________________. 3. A _____________ is a break in the Earth’s crust along which blocks of rocks move. 4. ____________________ is when a rock becomes deformed due to stress. 5. Three types of plate boundaries where earthquakes take place are: _________________ _________________ ______________ 6.Large long waves that travel in all directions from the point of the earthquake are called ______________________. 1. ______________ _______________ are vibrations that cause different types of ground motion. 2. The two types of seismic waves are: _______________________ _______________________ 3. There are two types of body waves. They are: ___________________ ___________________ 4. The first type of wave to be detected are the _______ waves. They can travel through ____________ ____________ and __________ NAME ________________________________________ HOUR ________________ GEOLOGY LOG 5. MEASURING EARTHQUAKE WAVES (continued) PAGES 252- 265 6. MINERALS PAGES 140-152 5. The _______ waves cannot completely move through the liquid parts of Earth. They move __________________than p-waves. 6. The ______________ waves travel along the surface of Earth rather than through it. 7. What instrument is used to record seismic waves generated by earthquakes? __________________________ 8. ___________________ of an earthquake is the measure of energy released by an earthquake. 9. Two scales used to measure magnitude of earthquakes are: _______________________ _______________________ 1. A _______________ is a naturally occurring, usually inorganic solid that has a definite crystalline structure and chemical composition. 2. _______________ elements, like gold or silver, are composed of one element. 3. A ___________ is a solid geometric form that results from a repeating pattern of atoms or molecules. 4. 3 ways minerals are formed a. __________________ b. ___________________ c. _____________________ 5. The TWO major mineral groups are: ___________________ and ___________________ 6. Name 7 different properties that help identify minerals a. __________________ b. ___________________ c. ___________________d. ___________________ e. ___________________f. ___________________ g. _____________________ 7. THE ROCK CYCLE PAGES 155-165 1. ________________ rocks form when magma or lava cools and hardens. 2. __________________rocks form when sediments from older rocks get pressed and cemented together. 3. ___________________rocks form when pressure, temperature, or chemical processes change existing rock. 4. The processes in which rock changes from one type to another is called the ______________ 5. YOU WILL NEED TO KNOW THE ROCK CYCLE AND THE SERIES OF PROCESSES! (p. 160-161) NAME ________________________________________ HOUR ________________ GEOLOGY LOG 8. THREE CLASSES OF ROCKS PAGES 171-181 1. Rocks are classified by observing their ________________ _______________ and their ________. 2. Two kinds of IGNEOUS rocks: a. ________________________ b. _____________________ 3. _____________________ igneous rocks cool slowly and have large, visible crystals. 4. _______________________ igneous rocks cool at the Earth’s surface. 5. _______________________ sedimentary rocks form when sediments are buried, compacted, and cemented together. 6. _______________________ sedimentary rocks form when water evaporates. 7. ________________________ sedimentary rocks form from remains or fossils of once-living plants and animals. 8. Two types of metamorphic rocks are: a. ____________________ b. ____________________ 9. EARTH’S HISTORY PAGES 80 - 90 10. RELATIVE DATING PAGES 93-102 1. ______________ are the trace or remains of an organism that lived long ago. 2. Name 5 areas where fossils can form. _________________ _______________ ____________ _________________ ________________ 3. A _______________ fossil is a structure that formed in sedimentary rock by animal activity on or in soft sediment. 4. Name 3 kinds of trace fossils: ________________ _______________ _____________ 5. Fossils can tell scientist about ___________________ changes over time. 6. Which type of ROCK do scientist use to help provide them with evidence of the environment in which it formed? ______________________________ 1. Determining whether an object or event is older or younger than other objects or events is called ____________ ________________. 2.The law of _______________ states that younger rocks lie above older rocks if they have not been disturbed. 3. When layers of rocks become slanted by Earth’s forces is called _________________. 4. _________________ is bending of rock that happens when rock layers are squeezed together. 5. A ______________ is a break or crack in Earth’s crust . 6. An _______________ is when igneous rock is injected into rock and then cools. NAME ________________________________________ HOUR ________________ GEOLOGY LOG RELATIVE DATING (continued) PAGES 93-102 11. ABSOLUTE DATING (INDEX FOSSILS) **PAGES 114-115 12. WEATHERING PAGES 19-27 13.. EROSION AND DEPOSITION PAGES 44-54 7. A missing layer of rock that forms a gap in the Earth’s geologic history is called ___________________. 8. The law of ___________________ (p.98) states that a fault or an intrusion is younger than any layer of rock that the fault or rock body cuts through. 1. ____________ ________________ are used to estimate the absolute age of rock layers in which they are found. 2. Index fossils must have lived during a __________ geologic time span, must be relatively common, must be found over a __________area and have features that make them ________________from other fossils. 3. If a scientist finds an ___________ ______________ in a rock layer it can tell them about the absolute age of the surrounding rock layer. 1.Two kinds of weathering : ____________________ and ________________. 2. When ice expands in the cracks of rocks it is called ____________ _______________. 3. _____________ is breaking down and wearing away rock material by mechanical actions. 4. Breaking down rocks by chemical reactions is called ________________ __________________ 5. When the compounds that make up a rock react with oxygen, the process is called _________________. 1. Grinding and wearing down of rock surfaces by other rock or sand particles is called _____________ 2. Mounds of wind-deposited sand are called _____________________. 3. What causes glaciers to MOVE?________ 4. _____________ ___________ is the term used to describe the materials carried and deposited by glaciers. 5. Two types of glaciers: _______________________ and __________________ 6. Shifting materials by gravity is called ____________ _____________________. NAME ________________________________________ HOUR ________________