Download Geology Log File - Learn District 196

GEOLOGY LOG
LEARNING TARGETS
1. EARTH’S LAYERS
PAGES 193 - 199
2. PLATE TECTONICS
PAGES 201-212
3. VOLCANOES 
PAGE 228
4. EARTHQUAKES
PAGES 239-247
5. MEASURING EARTHQUAKE
WAVES
PAGES 252- 265
ESSENTIAL LEARNINGS
1. Outermost solid layer of Earth is called the ________
2. Two types of crusts: __________ and __________
3. Region of hot, slow-flowing rock: _____________
4. The densest layer is called the _______________. It is
a solid.
5.The _____________ ________________ is the liquid
layer of the Earth’s core.
1. Who proposed the hypothesis of continental drift?
_______________________
2. Scientists believe the continents were joined in a single large
landmass called __________________.
3. ____________________________takes place at mid-ocean
ridges.
4. Younger rocks are generally closer to the
_________________than older rock since molten rock rises
through the cracks, cools and forms new oceanic crust.
5. ______________ ___________describes large-scale
movements of the Earth’s crust and upper part of the mantle.
6. Which plates are more dense? continental or oceanic plates
7. When plates collide it forms a _______________ boundary.
8. When plates move away from each other a
____________________ boundary is formed
9. When two plates move past each other horizontally a
_______________ boundary is formed.
1. Melted rock or ___________ is less dense than solid rock, so
it rises toward the surface.
2. ______________ is magma that has reached Earth’s surface.
1. The ________ is a place within Earth along a fault at which
the first motion of an earthquake occurs.
2. Directly above the focus on Earth’s surface is the
______________________.
3. A _____________ is a break in the Earth’s crust along which
blocks of rocks move.
4. ____________________ is when a rock becomes deformed
due to stress.
5. Three types of plate boundaries where earthquakes take place
are:
_________________ _________________ ______________
6.Large long waves that travel in all directions from the point of
the earthquake are called ______________________.
1. ______________ _______________ are vibrations that
cause different types of ground motion.
2. The two types of seismic waves are:
_______________________
_______________________
3. There are two types of body waves. They are:
___________________ ___________________
4. The first type of wave to be detected are the _______
waves. They can travel through ____________
____________ and __________
NAME ________________________________________
HOUR ________________
GEOLOGY LOG
5. MEASURING EARTHQUAKE
WAVES (continued)
PAGES 252- 265
6. MINERALS
PAGES 140-152
5. The _______ waves cannot completely move through
the liquid parts of Earth. They move
__________________than p-waves.
6. The ______________ waves travel along the surface of
Earth rather than through it.
7. What instrument is used to record seismic waves
generated by earthquakes?
__________________________
8. ___________________ of an earthquake is the
measure of energy released by an earthquake.
9. Two scales used to measure magnitude of earthquakes
are:
_______________________ _______________________
1. A _______________ is a naturally occurring, usually
inorganic solid that has a definite crystalline structure and
chemical composition.
2. _______________ elements, like gold or silver, are
composed of one element.
3. A ___________ is a solid geometric form that results
from a repeating pattern of atoms or molecules.
4. 3 ways minerals are formed
a. __________________ b. ___________________
c. _____________________
5. The TWO major mineral groups are:
___________________ and ___________________
6. Name 7 different properties that help
identify minerals
a. __________________ b. ___________________
c. ___________________d. ___________________
e. ___________________f. ___________________
g. _____________________
7. THE ROCK CYCLE
PAGES 155-165
1. ________________ rocks form when magma or lava
cools and hardens.
2. __________________rocks form when sediments from
older rocks get pressed and cemented together.
3. ___________________rocks form when pressure,
temperature, or chemical processes change existing rock.
4. The processes in which rock changes from one type to
another is called the ______________
5. YOU WILL NEED TO KNOW THE ROCK CYCLE
AND THE SERIES OF PROCESSES!
(p. 160-161)
NAME ________________________________________
HOUR ________________
GEOLOGY LOG
8. THREE CLASSES OF ROCKS
PAGES 171-181
1. Rocks are classified by observing their
________________ _______________ and their
________.
2. Two kinds of IGNEOUS rocks:
a. ________________________ b.
_____________________
3. _____________________ igneous rocks cool slowly
and have large, visible crystals.
4. _______________________ igneous rocks cool at the
Earth’s surface.
5. _______________________ sedimentary rocks form
when sediments are buried, compacted, and cemented
together.
6. _______________________ sedimentary rocks form
when water evaporates.
7. ________________________ sedimentary rocks form
from remains or fossils of once-living plants and animals.
8. Two types of metamorphic rocks are:
a. ____________________
b. ____________________
9. EARTH’S HISTORY
PAGES 80 - 90
10. RELATIVE DATING
PAGES 93-102
1. ______________ are the trace or remains of an
organism that lived long ago.
2. Name 5 areas where fossils can form.
_________________ _______________ ____________
_________________ ________________
3. A _______________ fossil is a structure that formed in
sedimentary rock by animal activity on or in soft
sediment.
4. Name 3 kinds of trace fossils:
________________ _______________ _____________
5. Fossils can tell scientist about ___________________
changes over time.
6. Which type of ROCK do scientist use to help provide
them with evidence of the environment in which it
formed? ______________________________
1. Determining whether an object or event is older or
younger than other objects or events is called
____________ ________________.
2.The law of _______________ states that younger rocks
lie above older rocks if they have not been disturbed.
3. When layers of rocks become slanted by Earth’s forces
is called _________________.
4. _________________ is bending of rock that happens
when rock layers are squeezed together.
5. A ______________ is a break or crack in Earth’s crust .
6. An _______________ is when igneous rock is injected
into rock and then cools.
NAME ________________________________________
HOUR ________________
GEOLOGY LOG
RELATIVE DATING (continued)
PAGES 93-102
11. ABSOLUTE DATING (INDEX
FOSSILS)
**PAGES 114-115
12. WEATHERING
PAGES 19-27
13.. EROSION AND DEPOSITION
PAGES 44-54
7. A missing layer of rock that forms a gap in the Earth’s
geologic history is called ___________________.
8. The law of ___________________ (p.98) states that a
fault or an intrusion is younger than any layer of rock that
the fault or rock body cuts through.
1. ____________ ________________ are used to estimate
the absolute age of rock layers in which they are found.
2. Index fossils must have lived during a __________
geologic time span, must be relatively common, must be
found over a __________area and have features that make
them ________________from other fossils.
3. If a scientist finds an ___________ ______________
in a rock layer it can tell them about the absolute age of
the surrounding rock layer.
1.Two kinds of weathering : ____________________ and
________________.
2. When ice expands in the cracks of rocks it is called
____________ _______________.
3. _____________ is breaking down and wearing away
rock material by mechanical actions.
4. Breaking down rocks by chemical reactions is called
________________ __________________
5. When the compounds that make up a rock react with
oxygen, the process is called _________________.
1. Grinding and wearing down of rock surfaces by other
rock or sand particles is called _____________
2. Mounds of wind-deposited sand are called
_____________________.
3. What causes glaciers to MOVE?________
4. _____________ ___________ is the term used to
describe the materials carried and deposited by glaciers.
5. Two types of glaciers: _______________________ and
__________________
6. Shifting materials by gravity is called ____________
_____________________.
NAME ________________________________________
HOUR ________________