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Transcript
Chapter 10, Section 3: The Late Republic and Punic Wars Explain the growth of the late republic through trade and how wars affect Rome’s territory and life in its later Growth of Territory How did the Gauls help and hurt Rome? A group outside of the Rome called the Gauls attacked Rome and took over the city. The Romans gave the Gauls a huge amount of gold to leave the city. Rome fought off other invaders who were inspired by the Gauls. As Rome defeated them, Rome took over their land. Rome’s army had legions, or groups of up to 6,000 who were also divided in groups of 100. It allowed the army to be flexible. Farming and Trade Most of Rome used to be farmers, but many left for the city. So, Rome began making large farms in the countryside. They were worked by slaves and owners did not live on the farm. But Rome could not get enough food just from farming. Merchants sailed to the Mediterranean Sea to get metal goods and slaves, and in return they gave cooper, silver, metal coins that became popular Rome Grows Beyond Italy/Punic Wars As a Rome grew other countries saw them as a threat and declared war on them. What were the Punic Wars? A series of three battles vs Carthage, a northern African city-state (Phoenicians) First battle? Began when Carthage sent armies to Sicily, and the Romans responded with their own army. Roman wins and forced Carthage out of Sicily. Second Battle? Carthage attacks Rome, led by a general named Hannibal. Hannibal was close to defeating Rome, but never captured the city. Meanwhile, Rome attacked Carthage. Hannibal rushed home, but his army was defeated at Zama. Last Battle? Carthage was increasing in power. The consuls, worried, sent an army to Carthage who burned the city, killed its people, and sold people into slavery. Later Expansion What did Rome conquer? Sicily, Corsica, Spain, North Africa, Mediterranean Region, Greece and parts of Asia. How did they treat conquered people? Let conquered people keep beliefs, adopted their beliefs into their own culture such as religion, education, art, and philosophy. Crisis Strikes the Republic What problems occur as their territory grew? People feared violence would break out from Rich vs Poor. Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus Tiberius? Wanted to create farms for poor Romans This would prevent rebellions, used lands that the wealthy illegally took over. Angry, Wealthy citizens rioted and Tiberius was killed. Gaius? Tried to give poor Romans farms and sell crops cheaply to poor, but was killed by powerful Romans. Many now see violence as an answer to Roman politics. Marius and Sulla What power did Marius have? Revolts have nearly ended the Republic and the army was low on troops. Gaius Marius let poor join the army (normally only property owners could join) Those citizens were more loyal to Marius than Rome, and this gave him great power. Civil War? Lucius Sulla became a new consul, and began a war with Marius. Sulla defeated Marius in battle and named himself dictator and punished enemies and citizens. Spartacus What is his significance? Lead a slave revolt, was a gladiator. Goal was to take over Italy, but was eventually killed in battle. Effect? Romans executed the 6,000 slaves Main Idea? Rome’s conflict and problems lead to violence in politics through Rome and a change to a dictatorship. The republic fell.