Download Chapter 10, Section 3: The Late Republic and Punic Wars Growth of

Chapter 10, Section 3: The Late Republic and Punic Wars
Explain the growth of the late republic through trade and how wars affect Rome’s territory and life in its later
Growth of Territory
How did the Gauls help and hurt Rome?
A group outside of the Rome called the Gauls attacked Rome and took over the city. The
Romans gave the Gauls a huge amount of gold to leave the city.
Rome fought off other invaders who were inspired by the Gauls. As Rome defeated them,
Rome took over their land.
Rome’s army had legions, or groups of up to 6,000 who were also divided in groups of 100.
It allowed the army to be flexible.
Farming and Trade
Most of Rome used to be farmers, but many left for the city. So, Rome began making large
farms in the countryside.
They were worked by slaves and owners did not live on the farm. But Rome could not get
enough food just from farming.
Merchants sailed to the Mediterranean Sea to get metal goods and slaves, and in return they
gave cooper, silver, metal coins that became popular
Rome Grows Beyond Italy/Punic Wars
As a Rome grew other countries saw them as a threat and declared war on them.
What were the Punic Wars?
A series of three battles vs Carthage, a northern African city-state (Phoenicians)
First battle?
Began when Carthage sent armies to Sicily, and the Romans responded with their
own army.
Roman wins and forced Carthage out of Sicily.
Second Battle?
Carthage attacks Rome, led by a general named Hannibal. Hannibal was close to
defeating Rome, but never captured the city.
Meanwhile, Rome attacked Carthage. Hannibal rushed home, but his army was
defeated at Zama.
Last Battle?
Carthage was increasing in power. The consuls, worried, sent an army to Carthage
who burned the city, killed its people, and sold people into slavery.
Later Expansion
What did Rome conquer?
Sicily, Corsica, Spain, North Africa, Mediterranean Region, Greece and parts of Asia.
How did they treat conquered people?
Let conquered people keep beliefs, adopted their beliefs into their own culture such
as religion, education, art, and philosophy.
Crisis Strikes the Republic
What problems occur as their territory grew? People feared violence would break out from Rich vs Poor.
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
Tiberius?
Wanted to create farms for poor Romans
This would prevent rebellions, used lands that
the wealthy illegally took over.
Angry, Wealthy citizens rioted and Tiberius was
killed.
Gaius?
Tried to give poor Romans farms and sell crops
cheaply to poor, but was killed by powerful
Romans.
Many now see violence as an answer to Roman
politics.
Marius and Sulla
What power did Marius have?
Revolts have nearly ended the Republic
and the army was low on troops.
Gaius Marius let poor join the army
(normally only property owners could join)
Those citizens were more loyal to Marius
than Rome, and this gave him great
power.
Civil War?
Lucius Sulla became a new consul, and
began a war with Marius.
Sulla defeated Marius in battle and named
himself dictator and punished enemies
and citizens.
Spartacus
What is his significance?
Lead a slave revolt, was a gladiator.
Goal was to take over Italy, but was
eventually killed in battle.
Effect?
Romans executed the 6,000 slaves
Main Idea?
Rome’s conflict and problems lead to
violence in politics through Rome and a
change to a dictatorship. The republic
fell.