Download Midterm 1 Review

Biology 124 Review Questions (Midterm I)
Please note: this is not a complete list of topics you are responsible for, but rather a
guideline for the types of questions to ask yourself while reviewing your notes and
textbook chapters.
1. Define and give an example where appropriate:
evolution, population, gene pool, species, allele, gene, genotype, phenotype,
mutation, micro-evolution, macro-evolution, speciation, bottle neck effect,
founder effect, gene flow, genetic drift, natural selection, artificial selection,
fitness, intra- specific, intra-sexual, inter-specific, inter-sexual, adaptive radiation,
homology, analogy, biogeography, transitional species, non-random mating,
divergent evolution, convergent evolution, adaptive radiation, taxonomy,
phylogeny, systematics, cladistics, hierarchical classification, cladogram,
anagenesis, cladogenesis, sympatric, allopatric, gradualism, punctuated
equilibrium, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, prezygotic, postzygotic
2.
3.
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5.
List 4 levels of biodiversity.
State the biological species concept.
What is the correct format for using a species name in the binomial system?
List the levels of hierarchical classification in ascending and descending order,
and explain how this hierarchy reflects the phylogenetic tree.
6. Differentiate btwn homologies and analogies, give examples, and explain why
one is useful in systematics, and the other is not.
7. Describe the major tools and sources of data for systematics.
8. Differentiate btwn. the 3 types of cladistic groupings
9. Explain the 4 steps of pre-biotic evolution
10. Explain the process and the significance of the Urey-Miller experiment
11. be able to draw and label the basic tree of life (Fig. 25.18)
12. Explain the use of the term “theory” in science
13. What was new about Darwin’s theory of evolution?
14. Explain the logic of Darwin’s evolutionary theory
15. What are the types of evidence for evolution? give detailed examples for each
16. Explain the difference between divergent and convergent evolution
17. Are all fossils transitional species? why or why not?
18. What are the conditions of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
19. Under what circumstance does evolution occur? List the conditions, and give an
example for each
20. Why does recombination of existing alleles through sexual reproduction NOT
change allele frequencies?
21. Explain the Hardy Weinberg theorem, and be able to apply it to a problem
22. What is variation based on? Why is it important?
23. What are the two most effective causes of micro-evolution? Which of these adapts
a population to its environment?
24. How can maladaptive genes remain part of the gene pool?
25. Explain the 3 modes of selection
26. Why can’t natural selection produce perfect organisms? Give examples
27. Distinguish between anagenesis and cladogenesis
28. Distinguish between sympatric and allopatric speciation and give examples
29. Distinguish between gradualism and punctuated equilibrium
30. List the different types of pre-zygotic and post-zygotic mechanisms in order, and
give an example for each
Suggestions:
Study your notes and textbook before answering these questions (closed book!),
then use those resources to correct them (repeat if necessary)
Some of the questions above are very comprehensive – break them down into their
components
Go through your notes and make up your own multiple choice and short answer
questions – swap them with a study partner
Check out “study hints” on my web site under “ course materials”