Download Kaylee Study Guide for Chapter 34: From Republic to Empire

Chapter 34: Rise of the Roman Empire
Student Study Guides
Nina Siwik
April 20, 2013
Social Studies
Rome Unit Study Guide- Ch. 34
First Period: Rome’s Conquest of the Italian Peninsula
This period of expansion was almost 200 years of constant fighting. It went from
509-264 B.C.E. Rome made a treaty with the Latins after the Etruscan king was
overthrown in 509 B.C.E. With their new ally, they started to fight against the
Etruscans, but Rome almost ended right there. A group of Gauls crushed some of
Rome’s army and burned the city in flames in 390 B.C.E. But, Rome still held on,
rebuilt their city and army, and battled Etruscans and Samnites. Even though in 275
B.C.E. they had conquered the whole peninsula, they still lost most of their city,
people, and army. But, they allowed other defeated people to become Roman
citizens, which was good. Even though Rome had to pay taxes and supply soldiers
and take in defeated people, they still conquered new land.
Second Period: The Punic Wars
The Punic Wars were three wars with Carthage from 264-146 B.C.E. It all started
when Greek cities and Carthage had been fighting over trading rights. When Rome
conquered both cities, they were drawn into a major battle. The first war was in 264
B.C.E., with Carthage having a better navy. But, the Romans one-upped them by
copying and improving their styles for themselves. Rome finally won when Rome
took over Sicily and other islands. The second war was in 218 B.C.E., when
Carthage decided to go straight to Italy and attack. Hannibal, a Carthage general,
marched the army from Spain into the Alps. He fought the Romans for 15 years, but
when he went back to Carthage to defend, he was defeated. There was then peace
for 50 years, but the third war began when a Roman senator Cato decided to
destruct Carthage. In 146 B.C.E., the Romans completely destroyed Carthage, and
sold all the others to slavery. Even though Rome gained land, they still had
thousands of farms destroyed, poor farmers left alone, and many soldiers dead.
Third Period: Civil Wars and the Murder of Julius Caesar
The Civil Wars were wars connected to a very important man named Julius Caesar.
But even before this, Rome had put the republican government out, and dictation
began. Rome had to also put down slave revolts, specifically one from a slave
named Spartacus. There was also trouble in the city, for since there were slaves to
do all the work, there were thousands of farmers and laborers left unemployed. They
formed a mob that could turn into a terrifying army. But, a civil war broke out
between two generals named Pompey and Caesar. After years of going back and
forth, at one point, Pompey coaxed the Senate into forbidding Caesar’s entrance into
Italy. But, Caesar marched into Italy, defeated Pompey, and became elected dictator
for life by the Senate. There was officially no republican form of government, and
Caesar was making many changes for the poor, like free entertainment and laws to
help them. Caesar also had bright plans for the future, but his future didn’t live long.
On March 15, 44 B.C.E., Caesar was stabbed 26 times and bled to death in front of
the door of the Senate by enemies who “tried to save the republic”. Instead, another
emperor took his place.
Fourth Period: Rome Becomes an Empire/ the Rise of Caesar Augustus
Rome officially became an empire when Octavian Caesar took control. (This period
lasted from 44 B.C.E.-14 C.E.)
When Caesar was murdered, Rome started another decade of civil war. After the
decade ended, a new dictator took charge: Octavian, Caesar’s
grandnephew/adopted son. Octavian defeated his rivals (such as Marc Antony and
Cleopatra) to gain power. To gain favoring, he said he would “restore the authority of
the Senate and the Roman people” instead of just wiping out the republican form of
government (although that was really what he was doing). He gained his new title,
Augustus (meaning “honored”), and encouraged many things such as education, art,
and literature. He gave Rome many new job titles like firefighters, police, and even a
new library. He ruled over 50 million people, and even made kingdoms into more
Roman territories. With all his land and power, he knew he would need a strong
economy, and took action to make better trading opportunities.He even got goods
coming in from as far away as China. But, with all his good, he paid a price. He
made a private army to protect himself (the Praetorian Guard), but that guard
sometimes actually murdered the emperor. But, there was peace for about 200
years, in a period called the Pax Romana. The peace cost the Romans, though. A
rebellion took 100,000 soldiers, and a whole Roman army was destroyed before it
was done. The more time that went on, the more challenges and costs were brought
to the table.
Max Berry
True or False?
1. The Punic wars were fought between Rome and Gaul _____
2. There were 3 Punic wars _____
3. Rome lost all 3 of the Punic wars _____
4. Rome conquered Macedonia _____
5. Cato, a senator order the 3rd Punic war _____
Short answer
6. Was the 1st Punic war a land battle or was it at sea?
7. After the 2nd Punic war Rome was given what land?
8. What are some costs of the Punic wars? List 2.
Kaylee
Study Guide for Chapter 34: From Republic to
Empire
First Period: Conquest of the Italian Peninsula
Costs

Lost soldiers (Army)



Broken families
Rebuilt city (Time & Money)
More Romans had to serve in army
Benefits
 Had a great, new place to call home (more territory under rule)
 Bigger army
Big Ideas
 Treaty that said ‘There shall be peace between the Romans and all the
communities of Latins as long as heaven and earth endure’
 Romans fought against Etruscans for over 100 years
 Gauls nearly “killed” Rome
 Rome conquered the Etruscans, many neighboring tribes, Smanities, and
many Greek cities (Italian Peninsula)
Second Period: The Punic Wars
Costs



Fought wars
Lost soldiers
Lost Farms
Benefits
 Conquered more land every win of the battles
 Had greatest power in the region
Big Ideas
 There were three wars
 Fought three wars with Carthage
 Romans built navy with designs from the Carthaginians ship
 Rome conquered Sicily and some other Islands (Not Listed in Book)
 Carthaginians surprised the Romans by going up a mountain, through
horrible things, and Battled for 15 years (Rome won)
 Conquered Spain
 Burned Carthage to the ground
Third Period: Civil Wars and the murder of Julius Caesar
Costs


Fought Battles
Lost soldiers



People lost jobs
Julius Caesar died
Lost form of Republic
Benefits
 Put down slave revolts
 Got slaves
Big Ideas
 The republic collapsed
 The conquests rebelled in 91 B.C. as wars were still fought
 To end the revolt they agreed to let all Italians become Roman citizens
 Julius Caesar gave jobs to people who did not have them
 A group of enemies stabbed Caesar to death
Fourth Period: Rome becomes an Empire, the rise of Caesar Augustus
Costs


Caesar died
Built harbors, canals, and roads
Benefits
 Augustus encouraged education, art and literature
 Improved trading
Big Ideas
 Caesar's death lead Rome into wars for more than 10 years
 Augustus gave Rome first Police force, firefighters, and library
 Augustus punished people for being cruel or harsh to their husbands or wives
 Augustus had a private army to protect his emperor
Sara’s Study Guide
Chapter 34: From Republic to Empire Study Guide
- by Sara
34.3
1. Who was overthrown in 509 B.C.E?
2. The Romans signed a _________ with the Latins.
3. How did Rome almost come to an end in 309 B.C.E? And by who?
4. By 275 B.C.E., Rome controlled the _______________________.
5. Name a few costs and benefits.
34.4
1. What were the Punic Wars?
2. The First Punic War was mostly fought at _______.
3. How did the Romans win the First Punic War?
4. Why did the Second Punic War start?
5. Why did the Third Punic start?
6. Name a few costs and benefits of this expansion.
34.5
1. To end a revolt, what did the Romans decided to do?
2. Who was Pompey and Julius Caesar?
3. What did the Senate name Caesar after defeating Pompey?
4. What new customs did Caesar introduce?
5. Why was Caesar killed?
34.6
1. What happened after Caesar’s death?
2. Who was Octavian? Who did he become?
3. The Senate named him ______________.
4. Octavian encouraged ______, _____________, and __________________.
5. What did he do to defend his empire?
6. What was the Pax Romana?
7. What were some costs and benefits for this expansion?
Katherine’s Study Guide
Unit 34 Study Guide
Name: ______________________
By: Katherine Higgins
1. Color the different periods of expansion.
2. Match the period of expansion to its key words.
a.
Civil wars
1. First period of expansion
b.
Conquering neighbors
2. Second period of expansion
c.
The Pax Romana
3. Third period of expansion
d.
Wars with Carthage
4. Fourth period of expansion
3. Fill out the chart.
Period of
Expansion
First period
Second period
Important
Person
Where are
they from?
What is one
important thing they
did?
Why are they
important to us?
Third period
Fourth period
Write a short answer for each question. Use complete sentences unless otherwise
stated.
4. How did the treaty with the Latins affect Rome?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
5. How did Hannibal and his troops get to Rome?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
6. What reforms did Julius Caesar make in Rome? How did this affect his popularity?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
7. What is the Pax Romana? (Be Specific)
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
8. What are the costs and benefits of each period? (You may use bullet points)