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Darwin's Theory Ch 7 sec 1 GOAL/PURPOSE TO LEARN WHAT FACTORS CAUSE EVOLUTION AND THE DIVERSITY OF LIFE ON PLANET EARTH Darwin's Observations • Who was Charles Darwin? • http://www.brainpop.com/science/famouss cientists/charlesdarwin/ • KEY- Darwin’s important observations included the – • the diversity of organisms • the remains of ancient organisms • the characteristics of organisms on the Galapagos Islands Diversity • Diversity- The number and variety of species present in an area and their spatial distribution. • EX- NUMBER OF TREES IN A RAINFOREST • KEY- Darwin was amazed by the tremendous diversity of the living organisms that he saw. Ex insects that looked like plants and vice versa. • http://footage.shutterstock.com/clip-180478stock-footage-leaf-mimic-mantis-on-heliconiaplant-in-the-rainforest-understory.html COUNT THE NUMBER OF TREES Species • Species- ARE group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce fertile offspring • http://www.google.com/search?q=liger&hl=en&safe=acti ve&client=firefox-a&hs=K5v&rls=org.mozilla:enUS:official&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF8&prmd=ivns&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=QTJjU NLbDq7ligLC14DgDQ&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAQ • • How many different species do you think have been identified on earth? Key- The National Science Foundation’s “Tree of Life” project estimates that there could be anywhere from 5 million to as many as 100 million species on the planet, but science has only identified about 1.5 million. • FOSSILS- are the preserved remains or traces of an organism that lived in the past • ` Fossils cont’d what is this? ADAPTATIONS • ADAPTATIONS- ARE A TRAIT THAT HELPS AN ORGANISM SURVIVE AND REPRODUCE IN ITS ENVIRONMENT • KEY- DARWIN REASONED THAT PLANTS OR ANIMALS ARRIVED ON THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS FACED ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS THAT WERE DIFFERENT FROM THOSE ON THE MAINLAND. EVOLUTION • KEY- DARWIN HYPOTHESIZED, THAT SPECIES GRADUALLY CHANGED OVER MANY GENERATIONS AND BECAME BETTER ADAPTED TO THE NEW ENVIRONMENT. • EVOLUTION- IS THE GRADUAL CHANGE IN A SPECIES OVER TIME EVOLUTION AS A SCIENTIFIC THEORY • SCIENTIFIC THEORY- IS A WELL TESTED CONCEPT THAT EXPLAINS A WIDE RANGE OF OBSERVATIONS- EVOLUTION • NATURAL SELECTIONINDIVIDUALS THAT ARE BETTER ADAPTED TO THEIR ENVIRONMENT ARE MORE LIKELY TO SURVIVE AND REPRODUCE THAN OTHER MEMBERS OF THE SAME SPECIES NATURAL SELECTION • http://www.brainpop.com/science/ecologyandbe havior/naturalselection/ • VARIATIONS- ARE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS OF THE SAME SPECIES OTHERWISE CALLED “GENETIC VARIATIONS”. • EX- CERTAIN INSECTS MAY BE ABLE TO EAT FOODS THAT OTHER INSECTS OF THE SAME SPECIES AVOID. THEY HAVE AN ADVANTAGE COMPETITION AND SELECTION • KEY- DARWIN PROPOSED THAT, OVER A LONG TIME, NATURAL SELECTION CAN LEAD TO CHANGE. • KEY- HELPFUL VARIATIONS MAY GRADUALLY ACCUMULATE IN A SPECIES, WHILE UNFAVORABLE ONES MAY DISAPPEAR. Why does this peacaock have this tail? KEY- DARWIN BELIEVED THAT ALL LIFE CAME FROM A SINGLED CELLED ORGANISM USE THE TEXT BOOK P.224-231 TO ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS WRITE THE Q AND A • 1. WHAT IS AN ADAPTATION? WHAT WERE THE DIFFERENCES IN THE FINCHES BEAKS? • 2. WHAT IS SELECTIVE BREEDING? • 3. WHAT IS A VARIATION? GIVE AN EXAMPLE. • 4. WHAT IS NATURAL SELECTION? GIVE AND EXAMPLE • 5. DESCRIBE HOW TURTLES SURVIVE USING COMPETITION AND SELECTION GREAT DISCOVERIES WITH BILL NYE • http://app.discoveryeducation.com/search