* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Journal about antidepressant drugs U.N 42904891 Date:18
Drug discovery wikipedia , lookup
Pharmaceutical industry wikipedia , lookup
MTOR inhibitors wikipedia , lookup
Prescription costs wikipedia , lookup
Polysubstance dependence wikipedia , lookup
Pharmacogenomics wikipedia , lookup
Discovery and development of proton pump inhibitors wikipedia , lookup
Discovery and development of direct thrombin inhibitors wikipedia , lookup
Discovery and development of non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors wikipedia , lookup
Pharmacognosy wikipedia , lookup
Discovery and development of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors wikipedia , lookup
Discovery and development of HIV-protease inhibitors wikipedia , lookup
Discovery and development of direct Xa inhibitors wikipedia , lookup
Discovery and development of cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors wikipedia , lookup
Drug interaction wikipedia , lookup
Discovery and development of integrase inhibitors wikipedia , lookup
Norepinephrine wikipedia , lookup
Discovery and development of neuraminidase inhibitors wikipedia , lookup
Metalloprotease inhibitor wikipedia , lookup
Serotonin syndrome wikipedia , lookup
Neuropharmacology wikipedia , lookup
Discovery and development of ACE inhibitors wikipedia , lookup
Journal about antidepressant drugs U.N 42904891 Date:18 -05-1433 Introduction: In this journal I will talk about antidepressants is psychiatric medication which is the most prescribed therapy for depression ,also I will talk how do antidepressants work. ,I will talk what the classifications of antidepressants drugs, I will explain the first generation of classification and SAR, side effect of this classification , I will show conclusion what understand of this classification. Body An antidepressants are medications that are used to treat depression by improving symptoms such as mood, sleep, appetite and concentration. They were first developed in the 1950s. Most typical antidepressants have a delayed onset of action (2–6 weeks) and are usually administered for anywhere from months to years. antidepressants are often used to treat other conditions, such as anxiety disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder, How antidepressant works : antidepressants work by increasing the activity of certain chemicals work in our brains called neurotransmitters After a nerve impulse has been carried across the synapse by a neurotransmitter like serotonin the neurotransmitter is either broken down by enzymes and removed or taken back up again into the nerve ending and recycled for future use - a process known as re-uptake. Many of the main antidepressants work by blocking this recycling process. Antidepressants such as (fluoxetine) and (paroxetine) are known as SSRIs -standing for Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. Classification of antidepressants drugs: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI antidepressants) Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI antidepressants) Tricyclic antidepressants (tricyclics) Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), Others: Selective noradrenergic reuptake inhibitors (NARIs), Selective serotonine uptake inhibitor and 5HT2A antagonis, , alpha- 2 agonist 1-Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are older antidepressants (first-generation). usually are not the first medicines given for depression, because they have serious side effects when combined with certain foods and or medicines Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are usually given to people with depression who: Did not get better with other antidepressants. Cannot tolerate the side effects of other antidepressants. Have a family or personal history of successful treatment with MAOIs The brain's neurotransmitters serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine are all monoamines, meaning they have a single amino acid group, used neurotransmitters are destroyed by an enzyme called monoamine oxidase (MAO MAOIs work by blocking the activity of this enzyme, resulting in higher levels of neurotransmitters in the brain . MAO inactivates tyramine and other biogenic amines in the liver and intestine by conversion of these amines into aldehydes and there further reduction or oxidation to alcohols or carboxylic acids. They also inactivate biogenic amines that can be found in some medications. There are two type of MAO in body: MAO-A inhibition reduces the breakdown of primarily serotonin, norepinephrine; selective inhibition of MAO-A allows for tyramine to be metabolised via MAO-B MAO-B inhibition reduces the breakdown mainly of dopamine and phenethylamine so there are no dietary restrictions associated with this:Hydrazines and aralalkylamine compounds are considered of therapeutic utility as MAO inhibitors. Compounds: First generation: The early MAOIs inhibited monoamine oxidase irreversibly. When they react with monoamine oxidase, they permanently deactivate it, and the enzyme cannot function until it has been replaced by the body For the MAO receptors non-selective. include drugs such as: Nialamide(Niamid) Phenelzine(nardil) are characterised by the risk of inducing a hypertensive crisis when dietary tyramine is ingested. : Isocarboxazide a prodrug that is transformed from the acyl form to the hydrazine one . Tranylcypromine: has CNS stimulant effect due to similarty with amphetamine,this contributes to its overall antidepressant activity in addition to its anti-MAOactivity.the trans isomer is the active one. Second generation : Also irreversibly.preferential Include drugs Such as: Chlorgyline: irreversible inhibitor MAO-A Deprenyl selegiline (Eldepryl) irreversible inhibitor MAO-B Third generation : Reversible , preferential Bromfaromine:reversible inhibitor MAO-A Meclobemide: reversible inhibitor MAO-A Toloxatone: reversible inhibitor MAO-A Lazabemide(RO-19-6327 ) reversible inhibitor MAO-A Common Side effects of monoamine oxidase inhibitors: Daytime sleepiness, Dizziness or lightheadedness, Low blood pressure, Diarrhea, Nervousness, Altered sense of taste, Muscle aches, Insomnia, Weight gain Conclusion: MAOIs are used only when all other medications have been ruled out as effective treatments for depression. If your physician feels you may benefit from MAOIs it is imperative that you research possible drug interactions as well as foods to avoid any dangerous side effects. Must known a comprehensive list of all possible drug interactions and foods is contain high levels of tyramine that should be avoided while taking MAOIs antidepressant medications should be used only in extreme cases of depression and as a last resort. Even for those taking medication, lifestyle changes should also be sought in order to treat the actual cause of the depression rather than just the symptoms.