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Name: ________________________ Class: ___________________ Date: __________ ID: A Biology 20 Ch 3 Practice Test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ ____ ____ 1. Organisms living near deep sea volcanic vents capture energy for food production from hydrogen sulfide in a process called a. photosynthesis c. respiration b. chemosynthesis d. transpiration 2. Which row best describes the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration? Row Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration A. Absorbs carbon dioxide and Releases carbon dioxide and water, water for the production of light which are converted into chemical energy. energy. B. Absorbs carbon dioxide and Releases carbon dioxide and oxygen oxygen in the synthesis of food from food molecules. molecules. C. Converts light energy into food Converts food molecules, such as molecules such as glucose and glucose and starch, into chemical starch. energy. D. Converts light energy into Releases chemical energy from chemical energy to be stored in glucose and other foods for use by glucose and other foods. cells. a. A c. C b. B d. D 3. Carbon cycles through the biotic and abiotic parts of the biosphere. Carbon atoms enter and leave the atmosphere in CO2 molecules. Which of the following rows correctly identifies some factors which contribute to these processes? Row A. B. C. D. ____ Carbon enters the atmosphere Fossil fuel combustion Photosynthesis Weathering of limestone rocks Respiration Carbon leaves the atmosphere Photosynthesis Decay of plant matter Respiration Fossil fuel combustion a. A c. C b. B d. D 4. The water cycle is a biogeochemical cycle that is connected closely with the cycling of other substances. Which of the following processes in the water cycle is connected with the cycling of phosphorus? a. Transpiration c. Runoff b. Evaporation d. Precipitation 1 Name: ________________________ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ID: A 5. Use the following information to answer the next question. About 3.8 billion years ago, the primitive atmosphere on earth consisted of methane, ammonia, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and nitrogen. There was no atmospheric oxygen because it was chemically combined in Earth’s crust in compounds such as iron oxide. Scientists speculate that without life on earth, the composition of the atmosphere would be about 98% carbon dioxide. What biological process has greatly reduced the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide? a. Metabolism c. Respiration b. Photosynthesis d. Decomposition 6. The rate at which various substances cycle through nutrient reservoirs varies. Which of the following is an example of slow cycling of nutrients? a. Nitrogenous wastes being excreted by animals. b. Carbon moving from consumer to decomposer. c. Mineral nutrients dissolving from rocks deposits. d. Atmospheric oxygen being used in cellular respiration. 7. Which of the following is part of a rapid recycling pathway of carbon? a. Dead marine organism on the ocean flow forms petroleum deposits. b. Calcium carbonate from clam shells becomes limestone rock. c. Carbon dioxide dissolves in ocean water. d. Coal is formed as dead trees become fossilized. 8. Use the following information to answer the next question. Carbon sinks are the reservoirs where more carbon has been absorbed more rapidly than it has been emitted. The trees in forests and phytoplankton in oceans are examples of carbon sinks. The largest carbon sink on Earth is found in the a. atmosphere c. fossil fuel deposits b. forests d. ocean 9. Use the following information to answer the next question. Nitrogen is an essential part of the proteins and DNA of organisms. Although nitrogen gas makes up about 78% of Earth’s atmosphere, it is unavailable for use by organisms in its gaseous form. Only when nitrogen is absorbed by beneficial bacteria in the roots of legumes does it enter the pathways that carry it through biological communities. The processes of conversion of atmospheric nitrogen first into ammonium ions (NH4+) and then into nitrates (NO3–) are called respectively a. nitrogen fixation and denitrification b. nitrogen fixation and nitrification c. ammonification and nitrification d. ammonification and denitrification 2 Name: ________________________ ID: A ____ 10. Use the following information to answer the next question. Nitrogen is an essential part of the proteins and DNA of organisms. Although nitrogen gas makes up about 78% of Earth’s atmosphere, it is unavailable for use by organisms in its gaseous form. Only when nitrogen is absorbed by beneficial bacteria in the roots of legumes does it enter the pathways that carry it through biological communities. Crop rotation is a common farming method in which legume crops are alternated with nonlegumes from season to season. In this way, the nitrogen nutrients in the soil that were used by the nonlegumes crops are replenished. Which of the following plants is a legume? a. Wheat c. Clover b. Corn d. Barley ____ 11. The growth of algae in healthy aquatic ecosystems is limited by available nutrients. Overgrowth of algae or algal blooms are caused by polluting lakes and streams with excess a. sulfur (sulfates) c. nitrogen (nitrates) b. phosphorus (phosphates) d. carbon (carbonates) ____ 12. Most substances that move in biochemical cycles travel through the atmosphere as well as through soil and water. Which of the following cycles involve only soil and water? a. Phosphorus cycle c. Nitrogen cycle b. Carbon cycle d. Sulfur cycle ____ 13. Which row correctly identifies the terms needed to fill in the blanks in the following statement? Denitrification is the process by which ___i___ is converted to ___ii___. Row A B C D i nitrate nitrogen nitrogen nitrite ii nitrogen nitrate nitrite nitrate a. A c. C b. B d. D ____ 14. Bacteria play an important role in both carbon and nitrogen cycles. Which row correctly identifies the role of bacteria in each cycle? Row Carbon Cycle Nitrogen Cycle A. Decomposition of organic matter Nitrogen fixation B. Ammonification Nitrification C. Absorption of carbon dioxide Production of methane D. Storage of matter in carbon sinks Nitrogen fixation a. b. A B c. d. 3 C D Name: ________________________ ID: A ____ 15. Increasing the productivity of poor quality soil can be accomplished in a various ways. Gardeners and farmers may add commercial fertilizer or combine compost and manure with the soil. They may also plant legumes for one season. All of these methods are effective because they a. increase the number of beneficial soil bacteria b. improve soil texture and moisture content c. add nitrate ions to the soil d. add ammonium ions to the soil ____ 16. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration account for the balance of ___i___ and ___ii___ gases in the atmosphere. The statement given above is completed by the information in row Row i ii A. nitrogen sulphur B. carbon dioxide oxygen C. oxygen nitrogen D. sulphur dioxide carbon dioxide a. A c. C b. B d. D ____ 17. The nodules present in the roots of a clover plant contain bacteria that convert ___i___ into ___ii___. The statement above is completed by the information in row: Row A. B. C. D. i ammonium nitrogen nitrate nitrate ii nitrogen ammonium nitrite nitrogen a. A c. C b. B d. D ____ 18. Producers in terrestrial ecosystems undergo ___i___ while producers in deep-sea vent ecosystems undergo ___ii___. The statement given above is completed by the information in row Row i ii A. respiration photosynthesis B. photosynthesis chemosynthesis C. chemosynthesis photosynthesis D. chemosynthesis respiration a. A c. C b. B d. D ____ 19. All the biogeochemical cycles in the biosphere are dependent on the presence of water. Which property of water makes it so important in biogeochemical cycles? a. Heat capacity c. Solvency b. Surface tension d. Boiling point 4 Name: ________________________ ID: A ____ 20. Use the following information to answer the next question. Biogeochemical cycles in the cold Arctic and Antarctic regions continue to function properly because water on the surface freezes, while that below the surface does not freeze. ____ 21. ____ 22. ____ 23. ____ 24. Which property of water is responsible for this phenomenon? a. High heat capacity of water b. Surface tension of water c. Water at 0 °C is lighter than water at 4 °C d. High solvency of water Even though a large amount of CO2 is withdrawn from the atmosphere by plants through photosynthesis, the level of CO2 in the atmosphere is not depleted. Which of the following processes adds CO2 to the atmosphere? a. Digestion c. Osmoregulation b. Excretion d. Respiration Photosynthesis and cellular respiration help maintain a balance between two gases. Which two gases do they help to balance? a. Nitrogen and sulphur dioxide c. Carbon dioxide and oxygen b. Sulphur dioxide and oxygen d. Oxygen and nitrogen Millions of years ago, conditions on Earth were not suitable for most life forms. This was due to the lack of which gas in the atmosphere? a. CO2 c. N2 b. O2 d. NO2 More than 97% of water in the biosphere exists in liquid form. Water in comparison with other liquids has a relatively ___i___ boiling point and a ___ii___ melting point. The statement given above is completed by the information in row: Row A. B. C. D. i high low low high ii low low high high a. A c. C b. B d. D ____ 25. From which compound do photosynthetic organisms obtain nitrogen? a. N2 c. NO3+ b. NH5 d. none of the above ____ 26. Which kind of energy is stored in foods? a. chemical c. thermal b. kinetic d. radiant ____ 27. Dissolving of minerals from rocks is known as _____. a. acid rain c. decomposition b. leaching d. estivation 5 Name: ________________________ ID: A ____ 28. The alternate planting of soil-enriching and soil-depleting crops on an area of land is _____. a. crop rotation c. terracing b. strip cropping d. the greenhouse effect ____ 29. Rain is normally slightly acidic because _____. a. carbon dioxide in the air combines with water to form carbonic acid b. sulfuric and nitric acid are being dumped into the atmosphere c. prevailing winds are responsible for the increased acidity d. the chemical reaction forming water occurs only with a low pH ____ 30. Planting legumes during crop rotation aids soil fertility because _____. a. legumes add natural fertilizers to the soil when they die b. legumes have a symbiotic relationship with bacteria that restore nitrates to the soil c. legumes do not use any of the nutrients present in the soil d. legumes use reverse osmosis to replace nutrients in the soil ____ 31. The destruction of forests ______ the greenhouse effect. a. is encouraging c. is stopping b. is slowing down d. has no influence on ____ 32. _____ is/are chemicals used to kill unwanted organisms in plants. a. Nutrients c. Pesticides b. Ozone d. Chlorofluorocarbons 6 ID: A Biology 20 Ch 3 Practice Test Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: B Chemosynthesis is the process by which living organisms capture energy for food production. PTS: 1 DIF: Easy LOC: 20–A1.1k TOP: Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere KEY: Energy flow 2. ANS: D Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy stored in the bonds of the food molecules and those bonds are broken during respiration, releasing metabolic energy. PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult LOC: 20–A1.1k TOP: Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere KEY: Energy flow | Photosynthesis | Cellular respiration 3. ANS: A The burning of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, while photosynthesis removes it. PTS: 1 DIF: Easy LOC: 20–A2.1k TOP: Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere KEY: Carbon cycle | Biogeochemical cycle 4. ANS: C Runoff is the process in the water cycle that transports phosphorus from land into bodies of water. PTS: 1 DIF: Easy LOC: 20–A2.1k TOP: Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere KEY: Water cycle | Biogeochemical cycle 5. ANS: B Photosynthesis is the process that reduces carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. PTS: 1 DIF: Easy LOC: 20–A3.3k TOP: Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere KEY: Geological evidence | Change in atmospheric composition 6. ANS: C The release of minerals from rocks by weathering and erosion is an example of slow cycling of nutrients. PTS: 1 DIF: Easy LOC: 20–A2.1k TOP: Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere 7. ANS: C Carbon dissolves rapidly in ocean water. PTS: TOP: 8. ANS: TOP: 1 DIF: Average LOC: 20–A2.1k Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere 1 KEY: Biogeochemical cycle KEY: Carbon cycle LOC: 20–A2.1k KEY: Carbon cycle ID: A 9. ANS: B Gaseous nitrogen is converted by nitrogen fixing bacteria into ammonium, which is then changed by nitrifying bacteria into nitrates. PTS: 1 DIF: Average LOC: 20–A2.1k TOP: Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere KEY: Nitrogen cycle 10. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult LOC: 20–A2.1k TOP: Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere KEY: Nitrogen cycle 11. ANS: B Algal blooms are caused due to an excessive amounts of phosphorus. PTS: 1 DIF: Easy LOC: 20–A2.1k TOP: Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere 12. ANS: A Phosphorus does not cycle through the atmosphere. KEY: Phosphorus cycle PTS: 1 DIF: Easy LOC: 20–A2.1k TOP: Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere KEY: Phosphorus cycle 13. ANS: A The process by which the nitrates are reduced to nitrogen is known as denitrification. PTS: 1 DIF: Average LOC: 20–A2.1k TOP: Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere KEY: Nitrogen cycle 14. ANS: A Bacteria decompose organic matter, releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. They also convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonium ions (nitrogen fixation). PTS: 1 DIF: Average LOC: 20–A2.1k TOP: Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere KEY: Carbon cycle 15. ANS: D Ammonium ions can be added through commercial fertilizers, use of compost, or crop rotation with legumes. 16. 17. 18. 19. PTS: 1 DIF: Average LOC: 20–A2.1k TOP: Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere KEY: Nitrogen cycle ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy LOC: 20–A3.2k TOP: Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere KEY: Gases ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy LOC: 20–A2.1k TOP: Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere KEY: Nitrogen cycle ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy LOC: 20–A1.1k TOP: Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere KEY: Photosynthesis | Chemosynthesis ANS: C Water is a universal solvent and dissolves many materials. This property makes water an indispensable part of the biogeochemical cycle. PTS: TOP: 20. ANS: TOP: 1 DIF: Easy LOC: 20–A2.2k Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere 2 KEY: Solvency LOC: 20–A2.2k KEY: Properties of water ID: A 21. ANS: TOP: 22. ANS: TOP: 23. ANS: TOP: 24. ANS: TOP: 25. ANS: TOP: 26. ANS: TOP: 27. ANS: TOP: 28. ANS: TOP: 29. ANS: TOP: 30. ANS: TOP: 31. ANS: TOP: 32. ANS: TOP: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere A PTS: 1 DIF: Average Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere 3 LOC: KEY: LOC: KEY: LOC: KEY: LOC: KEY: LOC: KEY: LOC: KEY: LOC: KEY: LOC: KEY: LOC: KEY: LOC: KEY: LOC: KEY: LOC: KEY: 20–A3.2k Atmospheric composition 20–A3.2k Atmospheric composition 20–A3.3k Atmospheric composition 20–A2.2k Melting and boiling points of water 20–A Nitrogen cycle 20–A Chemical energy 20–A Leaching 20–A Crop rotation 20–A Acid rain 20–A Soil 20–A Forest destruction | Global warming 20–A Pesticides