Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Domains and Kingdoms Taxonomy Notes 2 Mr.Yeung Objec<ves • 3 Domains and 6 Kingdoms • Bacteria and viruses The 3 Domains • • • • The 3 domains covers everything that is life Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea Domain Eukarya Leave some space underneath each domain Domain bacteria • Contains bacteria that does not have a cell membrane • Instead, it has a cell wall that is made up of a substance called pep$doglycan • Bacteria can be aerobic (needs O2) or anaerobic (does not need O2) • Autotrophs (generate its own energy) or heterotrophs (needs to consume energy) Examples of bacteria • Vibrio cholerae – cholera • Salmonella typhi -‐ typhoid fever • Nisseria gonorrhoea – Gonorrhea • Clostridium tetani -‐ Tetanae • Staphyloccocus aureus – Mul$ resistant bacteria • Treponema pallidum – syphilis • Mycobacterium tuberculosis – Tuberculosis Tuberculosis Viruses • Viruses different from bacteria by that they are – Smaller than bacteria – Non-‐living with a strand of gene<c material (RNA or DNA) – No organelles – Do not have pep<doglycan (an<bio<cs do not work!) • Examples: – HIV, Herpes, Measles, common cold, polio, smallpox hXp://htwins.net/scale2/ Scale of our Universe Domain Archaea • Ancient organisms that are like eukaryotes and bacteria • Does not have pep<doglycan and contains proteins of eukaryotes • Extreme bacteria – found in hot springs, salty lakes or thermal vents on ocean’s floor! Domain Eukarya • Contains your basic membrane-‐bound cell nucleus and other membrane-‐bound organelles. • Broken down into 4 other kingdoms – Kingdom Pro<sta – Kingdom Fungi – Kingdom Animalia – Kingdom Plantae Organiza<on of Life Domain Archaea Eukarya Bacteria Kingdom Archaea Pro<sta Plantae Fungi Animalia Bacteria Tip: Keep a summary table like this Bacteria • Microscopic – no membrane bound organelles • Called prokaryotes (before a nucleus) • DNA is found on a large circular chromosome in the nucleoid. • Contains pep<doglycan • Uses flagella for locomo<on • Reproduces by binary fission Archaea • Similar to bacteria but does not have pep<doglycan • Found in extreme environments • Some can live on CO2 and give off methane as waste product. Domain Eukarya – Kingdom Pro<sta • Single celled organism • Over 200,000 organisms • They are s<ll eukaryotes (membrane bound organelles with nucleus) • 3 separate groups – Protozoans (like animals) – Plantlike (Algae) – Funguslike (molds etc) 3 Pro<sts group comparison Animal like – protozoans • Needs to ‘hunt’ for food (heterotrophs) • 4 groups – – – – Ciliophora Sarcodina Apicomplexa Zoomas<gina Plantlike pro<sts -‐ algae • Makes their own food • Groups – – – – Diatoms Dinoflagellates Euglenoids Brown, green and red algae Funguslike pro<sts • Feed on decomposing maXer for food • Groups – Slime molds – Water molds – Downy Mildew