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PLANTS
ORGANELLES
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Cell Wall
Cell Wall
 Rigid structure surrounding the cell. Made of
cellulose.
Cell Membrane
Cell Membrane
 Allows movement of materials into and out of
the cell.
 Just inside the cell wall.
Nucleus
Nucleus
 Found in eukaryotes (multicellular).
 Houses DNA
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
 Jelly-like substance where organelles are
found.
Vacuole
Vacuole
 Found only in plant cells.
 Stores water and minerals
Chloroplast
Chloroplast
 Found only in plant cells
 Where photosynthesis occurs.
 Contains chlorophyll
 Takes in the light energy from the sun to change
water and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen
Mitochondria
Mitochondria
 Produces energy so the cell can carry out
functions.
 Also called the “powerhouse of the cell”
 Where cellular respiration occurs
Ribosomes
Ribosomes
 Package amino acids to make proteins
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Endoplasmic Reticulum
 Transport system of proteins and other
materials from one part of the cell to another
Classification
 Simple
 Algae
 Non-vascular
 Mosses
 Liverworts
 Hornworts
Simple
 Algae- simple plants with no roots, stems, or
leaves
 3 groups of algae
 Chlorphyta: green algae
 Phaeophyta: brown algae
 Rhodophyta: red algae
Non-Vascular Plants
 Plants have leaves and stems, but no real
roots.
 Do not conduct water and nutrients.
 Classification of plants that mosses,
hornworts, and liverworts is generally
referred to as bryophyta.
Moss
 Small flowerless plant that grows in damp
locations
 Reproduce via spores, not seeds
 Simple leaves attached to a differentiated
stem.
Liverwort
 Very similar to moss. Simple rootless plants
 Lack of differentiated stem
 Single-celled rhizoids (roots)
Classification (continued)
 Complex
 Vascular
 Ferns
 Gymnosperms
 Angiosperms
 Monocots
 Dicots
Vascular Plants
 Transport materials (food, water, minerals)
through vascular tissue.
 Have roots.
Ferns
 Lack flowers and seeds (have spores)
 Have fronds which are large, divided leaves
Gymnosperms
 Seed producing
 Also known as conifers
 Produce cones
 Have “male” and “female” parts that produce
pollen and ovules, respectively.
Angiosperms
 Seed producing
 Also known as flower-bearing
 Produce fruit that contain the seeds
 Two types of angiosperms: monocots and
dicots
 Based on the number of cotyledons – part of the
seed that stores food
Monocots
 Seeds have one cotelydon
 Leaves with parallel veins
 Flower parts in threes
 Vascular bundles are throughout stem’s
tissue
Dicots
 Seeds have two cotyledons.
 Flower parts in fours or fives
 Leaves with netlike veins
 Vascular bundle arranged in a ring
Plant Reproduction
 Common Parts (neither male nor female)
 Petals: attract pollinators
 Sepals: protect the bud
 Sexual organs
 Male
 Female
Male parts
 Produce the “sperm”
 Stamen:
 Consists of anther held up by a filament. This is
where the pollen is produced (in the anther).
Female Parts
 Produce the “eggs”
 Pistil:




Contains three parts, the stigma, style, and ovary
Stigma- sticky top to ensure that pollen sticks to it
Style- the middle section
Ovary- where eggs are produced
Photosynthesis and Cellular
Respiration
 Photosynthesis- A process by which plants
convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide
into food energy (glucose), oxygen, and
water
 Plants use carbon dioxide from animals
 The chloroplasts change the O2 and sugars (food)
into CO2, H2O, and ATP (energy) via the
chlorophyll.
Respiration
 Respiration-A process by which plants
convert glucose and oxygen into energy
(ATP), carbon dioxide, and water
What do you notice about the two?
They are opposite of each other!
Equation 1:
Water + Carbon Dioxide+ Energy (sunlight)
Glucose + Oxygen
Equation 2:
Glucose + Oxygen
Energy (chemical)
Carbon Dioxide + Water +