Download Section 2.3 and 2.4 Guided Notes

Name ______________________________
Class Period _______
The Molecules of Life: Chapter 2.3 - 2.4 Guided Notes - CP
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Organic Molecule -
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Hydrocarbons -
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Inorganic Molecules-
Carbon is an essential element in organic molecules
• One carbon atom can bond with up to ____________ other atoms
Carbon-based (Organic) molecules have three general types of structures.
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Four main types of organic molecules are found in living things
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Monomers bonded together build polymers (Large molecules)
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____________________ Small chemical unit that makes up a polymer. (Individual building block)
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____________________ Molecules made of many monomers
Building and Breaking Down Polymers
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_______________________________________________
• Reaction that removes water from two molecules to bond them together (Creates a polymer)
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Breaking Down a Polymer Chain
• _______________________________________________
•Reaction where water is added to a molecule to break a bond.
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Carbohydrates
• Carbohydrates are _____________________ made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
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In the ratio: ___C:___H:___O
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Monomers = Simple sugar molecules called: ____________________________________________
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Polymers = Complex sugar molecules made of many monosaccharides called:
_______________________________________________
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Functions of Carbohydrates
• Carbohydrates are the ________________________________________________________________
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Other carbohydrates are used in cell structures.
Type of Carbohydrate
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Example
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Lipids
• Elements are C,H,O
• Monomers = ______________________ & ____________________
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Main categories = ______________, ______________, ______________, & ______________
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Lipid Polymers - Triglyceride
Fats and oils have different types of fatty acids.
• Saturated fatty acids
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Unsaturated fatty acids
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Lipids are Hydrophobic!!
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Hydrophobic =
Functions of Lipids:
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Phospholipids
• **Are the main part of all __________________________**_
• Phospholipid Structure
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___________________________________________
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Which part of a phospholipid avoids water and which part of a phospholipid attracts water? Explain why?
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Proteins
• Made of elements:
• Monomer =
• Polymer =
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Amino Acids = ______________________________
• Twenty different amino acids are used to build proteins!!
• All amino acids have a carboxyl group and amino group.
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Amino Acids = Building blocks of Proteins
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Amino acids are different by _________________________________________________________
Amino acids are linked by _________________________________________
• A chain of amino acids is a protein.
• Each protein has a unique _______________________!!!!!!!
Functions of Proteins
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 Proteins – Denaturation
Structure is key to the function of enzymes.
• If……
• The order of amino acids changes
or
• The temperature or pH changes to much
Then…..
• The protein will not function!!
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_________________________________________________ when an unfavorable change in the
temperature or pH cause a protein to unravel and lose its shape (this cannot be reversed)
• Example: scrambled eggs are denatured protein
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Nucleic Acids (DNA & RNA)
• Made of elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorous
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Monomers = ________________________________________________
• Polymers = _________________________________________________
Nucleotides = Monomers
• Nucleotide Structure:
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There are __________________ different nucleotides.
• Only the structure ________________________________________________________________
• Nucleic Acids – Function
1. DNA - stores genetic information.
2. RNA - Carries message from DNA to create proteins!
3. Cellular energy molecule - ATP
• Enzymes
• Chemical Reaction Review:
• Reactant + Reactant
Products
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Activation Energy: _______________________________________________________
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Cells can’t be heated so enzymes are needed to “start-up” chemical reactions in your body
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_____________________________________– compounds that speeds up reactions by lowering
activation energy
• Speed up chemical reactions in your body!
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Enzymes are ______________ _______________ !!!!
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Each enzyme is ___________________ and speeds up only one type of reaction.
• (Like a LOCK and KEY)
• Example: Amylase – only breaks down starches.
Substrate Enzyme Complex
Substrate
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