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Test Review
Unit 3: Atomic Structure/Periodic Table
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All atoms of the same element have the same _____.
Know Dalton’s Atomic Theory.
How is the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom calculated?
All atoms are neutral, with the number of protons equaling the ___.
Isotopes of the same element have different _____.
Using the periodic table, determine the number of neutrons in 16O.
What does the number 84 represent in the name krypton-84?
Know who discovered the neutron, and in what year.
Dalton said that atoms were indivisible and atoms of the same element were identical. Have
any changes been made to this?
10. The mass number of an element is equal to _____.
11. How do the isotopes of hydrogen-1 and hydrogen-2 differ?
12. What hypothesis led to the discovery of the proton?
13. Why did J. J. Thomson reason that electrons must be a part of the atoms of all elements?
14. Know characteristics regarding the nucleus of an atom.
15. Describe the model of the atom as a result of Rutherford’s discovery of the nucleus.
16. The smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element is a(n) ____.
17. What is the relative mass of an electron?
18. Who conducted experiments to determine the quantity of charge carried by an electron?
19. How many protons, electrons, and neutrons does an atom with atomic number 50 and mass
number 125 contain?
20. Who was the man who lived from 460 B.C. – 370 B.C., and was among the first to suggest the
idea of atoms?
21. A fictitious element “X” has 10.0 % of the isotope with mass 55 amu, 20.0 % of the isotope
with mass 56 amu, and 70.0 % of the isotope with mass 57 amu. Estimate the atomic mass of
element X.
22. Element “Z” has two isotopes: one has mass number of 19.0 amu is 55.0 % abundant, and the
isotope with mass number 21.0 amu is 45.0 % abundant. What is the average atomic mass
for element Z?
23. How many protons are present in an atom of Beryllium-9?
24. Calculate the number of neutrons in Lead-210.
25. About how many more times massive is a proton than electron?
26. How many neutrons are present in an isotope of uranium-235?
27. Use the periodic table to determine the number of protons in barium.
28. How many protons are present in the nuclei of the three known isotopes of hydrogen?
29. What is the mass number for an oxygen atom that has 10 neutrons in its nucleus?
30. How many electrons are in an atom of gold?
31. Use the periodic table to determine the number of electrons in a neutral atom of lithium.
32. The modern periodic table is arranged according to _____.
33. Which of the following elements are nonmetal: Pt, V, Li, and Kr
34. Which of the following elements is a transition metal: a) copper, or
b) cesium?
35. To what category of elements does an element belong if it is a poor conductor of electricity?
36. Who arranged the elements according to atomic mass, and used the arrangement to predict
the properties of missing elements?
37. Know the various parts of the periodic table
*** BE SURE TO KNOW ALL OF THE NAMES OF THE FAMOUS SCIENTISTS AND THEIR
CONTRIBUTIONS THAT WAS COVERED DURING LECTURE!!!
38. Complete the following table:
Element
Charge
atomic
number
He
0
+1
79
+2
N
-3
-1
53
0
# protons
# electrons
80
# neutrons
mass number
4
197
122
7
127
47
60
39. If we start with 48 atoms of a radioactive substance, how many would remain after one
halflife?_________;after two half-lives? _________; after three half-lives? ___________; after four
half-lives?_______
40. If we start with 120 atoms of a radioactive substance, how many will remain after three
halflives?________
41. Which type of nuclear radiation (beta particles, gamma rays, or alpha particles) can be blocked by
a) a piece of paper ____________
c) a piece of lead ____________
d) a large block of lead ____________
Use the following graph to answer questions 61-64:
42. How long is a half-life for carbon-14?_____________
43. If only 25% of the carbon-14 remains, how old is the material containing the carbon
14?__________
44. If a sample originally had 120 atoms of carbon-14, how many atoms will remain after 16,110
years? ___________
45. What is a nuclear transmutation? Give the example of the first artificial transmutation
(Rutherford).
46. Why iron-56 is such a stable nucleus.
47. Write the following radioactive decays:
a. Beta decay of lead-214.
b. Alpha decay of polonium-214.
c. Electron capture of aluminum-26.
d. Gamma decay of uranium-238.
e. Positron emission of carbon-11.
48. What are the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear reactors?