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The Punic Wars (264 – 146 B.C.) Punic is Latin for __________________ because _________________ was a colony of Tyre founded in ______B.C. FIRST PUNIC WAR SECOND PUNIC WAR Took place from_____ to ______ B.C. ( _____ years) Took place from ______ to 201 B.C. ( _____ years) _____________ attacked ________________ ________________ attacked ________ The Romans wanted control of _____________ in the western Mediterranean. They wanted the island of _____________ which the Carthaginians controlled the western part of. They wanted it because of ______________ there, and it was also an excellent location from which Carthage could _____________ Rome. Carthage sought _____________. ______________ grew up hating the Romans. By this time Carthage was a major trading power which controlled all of North ____________, most of ______________, and the islands of _______________, _________________, and ________________ It had a strong __________, but not much of an ___________. _____________ had no navy, but they built their first ___________ by ___________________ a Carthaginian one which had washed upon the shore. The Romans improved this model by adding on a corvus or _______________ which allowed Roman soldiers to ____________ its enemy’s ships. This changed the battles to a kind of ___________ war which the Romans could dominate. Rome gained most of _____________, _____________, and ___________________. Carthage would seek revenge on Rome. In order to do so it built an army in ___________ under the direction of ________________ dad. Hannibal marched from southern ____________ to the gates of _______ but could never get inside the city. He began his march with ____________ men and 60 __________________. First, he crossed the _______________ Mts. in northern Spain. Then, he traveled _____ the ____________River Next, he crossed the mighty ________ in the winter. It must have been extremely difficult to do this because there was a great lack of __________. He also had to fight some hostile ___________ along the way. Sadly, he never gained the help from tribes living near Rome which he hoped to gain. For ____ years he roamed the Italian countryside __________ losing a battle. In 202 B.C., the Romans wisely, under the direction of ____________, decided to attack __________ which is less than 100 miles from Carthage. So Hannibal had to _____________ his mission in Italy and return to defend his homeland. Here, in _______ B.C. he lost his first battle. Carthage paid Rome a huge amount of $$ and gave Rome ____________, which provided Rome with plenty of copper and gold. Carthage would be ___________ for about 50 years. THIRD PUNIC WAR Took place from_____ to 146 B.C. ( _____ years) _____________ attacked ________________ Carthage was beginning to show signs of regaining _____________. Rome _______________ and destroyed Carthage. They plowed _____________ into the fields so nothing would ___________. All the citizens were ___________ (62,000) or sold into _________________ (50,000) Carthage and its empire were gone. During all of the Punic Wars Rome was gaining a lot of influence in ______________ by helping against the __________________. By 146 B.C. when ________________ disobeyed a Roman order, Rome controlled much of Greece. JULIUS CAESAR Each _______________ or district in the Roman Republic was ruled by a __________________. One of the most famous of these was _________________. Along with Pompey and ______________ he formed the ______ ________________ which was a committee of ____ which ruled Rome from 60 to 53 B.C. Caesar made one of the greatest contributions to history by changing the _____________ into the ___________ _______________ which is very similar to the one we use today. In 59 B.C., he became _________ and helped pass laws which gave over 20,000 poor people land to farm. From 58 B.C. to 49 B.C. he was the ____________ of _________ which was in present-day _________. He was a ______________ genius who was said to know all of his soldiers by __________. In 55 B.C. his growing army invaded _______________. Although he was never able to _________ it, this left Rome’s influence here. In 53 B.C., ____________ died. The other member of the three, _____________, had gained the support of the Senate. Caesar was a military hero and champion of the common man. The Senate hated him and demanded that he give up his army and return home. He came back, but he did not give up command of his loyal army. Pompey and the ___________ fled. In 48 B.C., Caesar’s army faced a much larger army led by Pompey in ___________ but won anyway. Caesar went to Egypt where he met ___________ The next year he sent a message home proclaiming, “Veni, vidi, vici” which is Latin for “I ________, I ______, I _____________” Returning home in 46 B.C. he was so popular that the ___________ made him ______________ for life. Soon many Senators realized he was becoming too powerful as dictator. One day a soothsayer warned Caesar to “_____________ the ________ of ___________.” The oracle came true because on March 15, 44 B.C. a group of Senators rushed toward him and stabbed him several times. His dying words to an old friend turned killer, ___________, were “Et tu Brute” which means “______ ______, ______, ___________.” It was the end of the __________ ___________.