Download APWorldIAncientRomeSummary

Aim: Why did the Roman Republic
Become an Empire?
• (HW Question: How did Rome
grow from a single city to the
center of a huge empire?)
How did the geography of
Rome affect its development?
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Vocabulary:
peninsula
maritime
imperial
commodities
dominion
rampart
citadel
What geographic features
made Italy a favorable site
for civilization?
• Peninsula: in the center of the
Mediterranean Sea (Mare
Nostrum)
• Lowland valleys: good soil
• Climate: rainy, cool winters, mild
summers
• Mountains: Alps in the north
(protection) and climate shielded
by Apennine Mountain spine
• Natural resources: forests, copper,
tin, iron, salt, marble and other
building stone
The Geography of Rome
Italy in 750 BC
Influence of the Etruscans
 Writing
 Religion
 The Arch
The Mythical Founding of
Rome:
Romulus & Remus
The Roman Republic:
509 – 27 B.C.
• HW question: Describe the three
ways in which the plebeians were
protected politically.
Early Roman Government
• In 509 BCE the Roman nobility established a
republic (overthrew the Etruscan king)
• A republic is a government in which people elect
their representatives
• The republic was led by two consuls who were
elected by an assembly
• Only the wealthy (Patricians) could elect the
assembly
• Eventually more rights were extended to
commoners (plebeians)
Republican Government
2 Consuls
(Rulers of Rome)
Senate
(Representative body for patricians)
Tribal Assembly
(Representative body for plebeians)
The Twelve Tables, 450 BC
 Providing political and social
rights for the plebeians.
• HW question: How did women
benefit from the development of
Roman Law?
The Roman Forum
Rome’s Early Road System
Roman Roads:
The Appian Way
Roman Aqueducts
The Roman Colosseum
The Colosseum Interior
Circus Maximus
• HW question: What were some
motivations for the creation of the
Roman Empire?
Carthaginian Empire
The Punic Wars 264-146 BCE
• Carthage was a
serious competitor of
Rome
• By the end of the wars
Rome defeated
Carthage
• As Rome expanded
(east into the former
empire of Alexander
the Great) it
transitioned from a
republic to an empire
http://www.usu.edu/markdamen/ClasDram/images/12/13map05punicwars.jpg
Hannibal’s Route
From The Prince (Niccolo Macchiavelli):
• Among the wonderful deeds of Hannibal this one is
enumerated: that having led an enormous army,
composed of many various races of men, to fight in
foreign lands, no dissensions arose either among them
or against the prince, whether in his bad or in his good
fortune. This arose from nothing else than his inhuman
cruelty, which, with his boundless valour, made him
revered and terrible in the sight of his soldiers, but
without that cruelty, his other virtues were not sufficient
to produce this effect. And short-sighted writers admire
his deeds from one point of view and from another
condemn the principal cause of them. That it is true his
other virtues would not have been sufficient for him
may be proved by the case of Scipio, that most
excellent man, not only of his own times but within the
memory of man, against whom, nevertheless, his army
rebelled in Spain; this arose from nothing but his too
great forbearance, which gave his soldiers more
license than is consistent with military discipline.
Fordham.edu
The Expansion of the Roman
Empire
Reform Leaders
 Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
 The poor and military veterrans should be
given grain and small plots of free land.
The Social Wars: 100-40 B.C.
Marius: Leader of Populares
Sulla: Leader of Optimates
Proscriptions
Military Reformer
Civil War & Dictators
Julius Caesar
Pompey
Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BC
The Die is Cast!
The First Triumvirate
 Caius Julius Caesar
(Politician, Later General)
 Marcus Licinius Crassus
(The Banker)
 Gnaeus Pompeius (General)
Beware the Ides of March!
44 BC
The Second Triumvirate
 Octavian Augustus
 Marc Antony
 Marcus Lepidus
The Roman Empire
27 B.C.- 476 A.D. (West)
1453 A.D. (East)
Octavian Augustus:
Rome’s First Emperor
HW
• HW question: In what ways did
Augustus maintain the forms of
the Roman Republic?
The First Roman
Dynasty
Pax Romana: 27 BC – 180 AD
The Greatest Extent of the
Roman Empire – 14 AD
The Rise of Christianity
St. Paul:
Apostle to the Gentiles
The Spread of Christianity
Imperial Roman Road System
The Empire in Crisis: 3c
Diocletian Splits the
Empire in Two: 294 AD
Constantine: 312 – 337 AD
Constantinople: “The 2nd
Rome”, or Nea Roma (330 AD)
Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5c
Attila the Hun:
“The Scourge of God”
Byzantium:
The Eastern Roman Empire
The Byzantine Empire
During the Reign of Justinian
The Byzantine Emperor
Justinian
The Legacy of Rome
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Republic Government
Roman Law
Latin Language
Roman Catholic Church
City Planning
Romanesque Architectural Style
Roman Engineering
• Aqueducts
• Sewage systems
• Dams
• Cement
• Arch