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Ancient Rome Study Guide
Terms (Know the who, what, when, where and why)
1. Republiccitizens elect representatives
2. Forumgravel clearing
center of life in Rome
Senators met citizens
Pleaded their cases in front of judges
3. Pax Romana- A period of peace for the Roman Empire that began with the
rule of Augustus in about 27 B.C> and lasted around 200 years
4. Dictator- A ruler that has absolute power
5. Colosseumstadium in Rome
held 50,000
So large could have navel battles
Held chariot races
6. Panthenonlarge temple honoring the Roman Gods and Goddesses
Emperors (What is important and/or significant about them?)
1.
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Julius CaesarRoman general who became the republic’s dictator in 45 B.C.
He was killed by the senators because they feared his power
Defeats Pompey in Civil War
Helped Plebeians and soldiers
2. Augustus Defeated Mark Antony
 Senate gave him title of Augustus
 Added greatly to the Roman Empire
 Took away Roman liberty
3. Diocletian
Emperor who split the Roman Empire into two sections and oversaw the
Eastern Section
4. Constantine Roman Emperor who found Constantinople
 Granted freedom to Christians
Geography of Rome
1. Mountains Alps run along the North of Italy
 Apennine form a giant “backbone” through the Italian peninsula. Makes
traveling across the peninsula difficult
2. Hills Hills helped to protect the city from attack
3. Grapes Main agriculture crop that was made into wine to export
Roman Republic
1. Plebeians
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Men who farmed, traded, and made things for a living
& Patricians Members of Rome’s noble families. They owned large farms and had
plebeians work their land for them
2. Senate
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Oldest and most powerful branch of the republic
Controlled by Rome’s patricians
Determined how Rome would act toward other governments
Controlled all money collected and spent by the Roman Republic
3.Tribunes Elected by the Citizen’s assembly
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Worked to gain rights for the plebeians
Leaders of the large citizen’s assembly
4. Consuls Third branch of Republic
 Elected by citizen assembly
 Served as army commanders and city’s most powerful judges
 Could
o Order anyone to be arrested
o Suggest laws
o Citizen assembly could veto, or stop, any of the consuls’ actions
5. Twelve TablesWritten collection of laws
Public Works
1. What are public works?
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The work of building such things as roads, schools, and reservoirs, carried
out by the government for the community.
2. Roads Helped make communication, trade, and travel throughout the empire
possible.
3. AmphitheaterLarge, circular or oval open-air venues with raised seating
5. AqueductBuilt using arches
Brings water through the channel on the top which gradually slopes downward
Fall of the Roman Empire
1. Why were Roman leaders fearful of Jesus?
They thought he wanted to be king and talk of revolt spread
2. Why was the empire split in half?
Too big to be ruled by one man
3. Constantinople
City founded by Constantine in the Eastern Empire
Possible Short Answer Topics
1. Public Works
Roads, aqueducts, amphitheaters, colloseum, Pantheon
2. Trade in Ancient Rome
exports- wine and olive oil
imports- wheat, corn, barley (needed because could not produce enough grain to
feed the citizens of the Roman Empire)
3. Lasting Effects of Roman Culture
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Three branches of government
Senate
Veto
Romantic languages
Alphabet
Arches
Domes
Concrete