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EOCT Review
Day 5: Evolution
SB5. Students will evaluate the role of
natural selection in the development of the
theory of evolution.
a. Trace the history of the theory.
b. Explain the history of life in terms of
biodiversity, ancestry, and the rates of
evolution.
c. Explain how fossil and biochemical evidence
support the theory.
d. Relate natural selection to changes in
organisms.
e. Recognize the role of evolution to biological
resistance (pesticide and antibiotic
resistance)
SB5a. Trace the history of the
theory

Jean Baptiste de Lamarck


Evolution of acquired characteristics
(1809)
Charles Darwin


Took a voyage on the Beagle to South
America, the Galapagos
In 1859, published On the Origin of
Species, about evolution by natural
selection
SB5b. Explain the history of life in terms of
biodiversity, ancestry, and the rates of
evolution.

Speciation: the evolution of a new
species



Usually occurs due to geographical
isolation
Adaptive radiation: when many new
species evolve in a short time
Convergent evolution: Unrelated species
evolve similarities because they are
adaptations to similar environments
SB5b. Explain the history of life in terms of
biodiversity, ancestry, and the rates of
evolution.

Biodiversity: the variety of organisms
on earth


Life has diversified by alterations in the
genetic code of organisms over time
Cladogram (Phylogenetic Tree):
diagram that shows the relationships
between different groups of organisms

Branching points represent common
ancestors
SB5b. Explain the history of life in terms of
biodiversity, ancestry, and the rates of
evolution.

Rates of evolution


Gradualism: evolution that occurs slowly
and steadily over time
Punctuated Equilibrium: evolution that
occurs in rapid bursts with long periods of
stability
SB5c. Explain how fossil and
biochemical evidence support the
theory

Fossil Evidence


Fossils show the origin, extinction, and
transitions in groups of organisms
Biochemical evidence

Groups of organisms that are more
closely related to one another will have
more similar DNA and amino acid
sequences
SB5c. Explain how fossil and
biochemical evidence support the
theory

Anatomy

Homologous: features that are the same
because two organisms are closely related


Analogous: similar features that evolve in
unrelated organisms because they are
adaptations to similar environments


Ex. Wing of a bat and forearm of a human
Ex. Wing of a bird and wing of a butterfly
Vestigial: features that have no function in an
organism but had a function in an ancestor

Ex. Appendix in humans, rear legs in snakes
SB5d. Relate natural selection
to changes in organisms

Natural selection: individuals with beneficial traits
survive and reproduce better than organisms
without those traits, leading to an accumulation of
the beneficial traits in later generations
 Fitness: An organism’s ability to survive and
reproduce
 Adaptation: a characteristic that helps and
organism to survive and reproduce in its
environment
SB5e. Recognize the role of evolution to
biological resistance (pesticide and
antibiotic resistance)

Biological resistance


Use of antibiotics can shift selection to
favor resistant strains of bacteria, leading
to an accumulation of the resistance trait
in future generations
Use of pesticides can shift selection to
favor resistant insect individuals, leading
to resistant populations of pest insects