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ISM Millionaire Challenge DNA #1 What does the acronym DNA stand for? A: Deoxyribonucleic Acid B: Dimethylene Acid C: Distilled Nucleic Acid D: Double Nucleic Acid A. DNA= deoxyribonucleic acid is a long molecule that is present in basically every cell of nearly all living organisms and contains the genetic information for those organisms. #2 Which of these is .NOT a base in DNA? A: Cytosine B: C: Guanine D: Thiamine Uracil B. Uracil Uracil is only found in RNA #3 In the ladder analogy of the DNA molecule, the "rungs" of the ladder are: A: Sugars B: Phosphates C: Joined sugar and D: Paired bases phosphates D. Paired bases #4 How many bases does it take to make a codon for a protein? A: one B: two C: three D: Number can change C. Three 3 adjacent bases from the RNA sequence #5 Which of the following base pairs would not be found in a cell? A: adenine – thymine B: cytosine – guanine C: thymine – uracil D: thymine – adenine C. thymine – uracil Uracil is single stranded (RNA) so it never has a base pair #6 The structural shape of DNA is, of course, the famous double helix. What is a "double helix"? A: Two Y-shaped strand B: C: D: Two spirals, like a twisty ladder Two loops, like a figure eight Two X-shaped strands C. Two spirals, like a twisty ladder Letter D. Two X-shaped strands is wrong. This is a chromosome, which is a lot of double helix DNAs packed tightly together #7 DNA regularly undergoes changes to its sequence that can be inherited or cause diseases (for example, cancer). This is known as? A: Methylation B: Replication C: Mutation D: Transformation C. mutation Any change in the gene sequence, which can be caused by radiation and chemicals or just be a random mistake #8 What kind of mutation results in the replacement of one amino acid for another? A: Frame Shift B: Chromosomal C: Substitution D: Deletion C. Substitution Also known as a point mutation. The number of bases is not changing (like in a frame shift or deletion) so only 1 codon and 1 protein is affected. #9 Which one of the following is NOT a common characteristic of both RNA and DNA? A: They are both nucleic acids. C: Both can be found in the nucleus B: Both contain C & G bases in their sequences. Both contain A & T bases D: in their sequences. D is correct. Only DNA contains A & T nucleotide bases in the sequence; RNA does not have T’s #10 Although most mutations are harmful, sometimes a beneficial mutation occurs that helps an organism do what? A: Increase its amount of B: DNA. C: Grow faster. D: Live shorter, happier lives. Be better adapted to its environment. D. Be better adapted to its environment so that it can survive longer by escaping predators or getting prey easier #11 What is one way that RNA differs from DNA? A: RNA contains a different B: RNA occurs only in the nucleus. D: DNA contains only 3 nitrogenous bases. kind of sugar C: RNA is a longer molecule. A. RNA contains a different kind of sugar R stands for ribose, which is different from deoxyribose found in DNA #12 Our individual DNA makes us unique, but it also makes us human. What percentage of our DNA do humans have in common with our closest primate cousin, the chimpanzee? A: C: Over 60 percent Over 98 percent B: Over 89 percent D: Over 99 percent C. Over 98 percent Humans share over 98 percent of their genes with the chimpanzee. The remaining 2 percent allows us to take quizzes. #13 An original DNA base sequence is ATTCCG. What would be the corresponding RNA base sequence? A: C: UAAGGC ATTCCG B: TAAGGC D: UTTCCG A. UAAGGC there are no T’s in RNA Need to copy DNA using base pair rules #14 To whom is the discovery of the structure of DNA credited? A: Charles Darwin B: Gregor Mendel C: Alexander Fleming D: Watson & Crick D. Watson & Crick #15 Human DNA is located primarily in the nucleus of each cell, but small amounts can also be found in which other part of the cell? A: Mitochondria B: Ribosomes C: Cell Wall D: Cytoplasm A. Mitochondria Small amounts of DNA are also housed in the cell’s mitochondria, whose main function is to generate the energy needed for the cell’s functioning. It couldn’t be in the cell wall, because human cells are bound by membranes and lack the cell walls that plants have. Great Job!!!! Thank you for playing!