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Mental Disorders
What Are Mental Disorders
A mental disorder is an illness that affects the
mind and reduces a person’s ability to function,
to adjust to change, or to get along with others.
Having the Blues?
 Being Stressed Out!
 Depressed over your girl/boyfriend breaking up
with you.
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Causes of Mental Disorders
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Life Crisis- shocking experience that causes
high level of mental stress
 Early
or Recent Experiences
Environmental Stress (family, hereditary,
factors that affect he brain)
 Organic Mental Disorder (Chemical abusealcohol and drugs: physical illness- brain
tumors, strokes, brain injuries, and syphilis)
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Recognizing Mental Disorders
• Mental health experts see abnormal thoughts,
feelings, or behaviors as signs, or symptoms
toms, of a mental disorder.
Schizophrenia
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Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder identified
by serious disturbances in thinking, mood,
awareness, and behavior.
A Person with Schizophrenia
 Split
or breakdown in logical thought
processes.
 Unusual behaviors, thoughts, and
actions
 Feelings of grandeur or persecution
 Needs professional help and
medication
Positive Symptoms
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Delusions. These beliefs are not based in reality and usually
involve misinterpretation of perception or experience. They are
the most common of schizophrenic symptoms.
Hallucinations. These usually involve seeing or hearing things
that don't exist, although hallucinations can be in any of the
senses. Hearing voices is the most common hallucination among
people with schizophrenia.
Thought disorder. Difficulty speaking and organizing thoughts
may result in stopping speech mid sentence or putting together
meaningless words, sometimes known as "word salad."
Disorganized behavior. This may show in a number of ways,
ranging from childlike silliness to unpredictable agitation.
Negative Symptoms
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Loss of interest in everyday activities
Appearing to lack emotion
Reduced ability to plan or carry out activities
Neglect of personal hygiene
Social withdrawal
Loss of motivation
Complications
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Suicide
Self-destructive behavior, such as self-injury
Depression
Abuse of alcohol, drugs or prescription medications
Poverty
Homelessness
Family conflicts
Inability to work or attend school
Health problems from antipsychotic medications
Being a victim or perpetrator of violent crime
Heart disease, often related to heavy smoking
Childhood Disorders
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Attention- Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder
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Forgetful in daily activities
Easily distracted
Difficulty in organizing tasks
Does not seem to listen when
spoken to
Does not follow through on
homework
Slide 11 of 21
Childhood Disorders
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Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Loses temper
 Argues with adults
 Spiteful
 Deliberately annoys people
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Autism impacts normal development of the
brain in areas of social interaction and
communication skills and behavior.
Difficult to communicate with others and relate
to the outside world.
Occasionally, aggressive and/or self-injurious
behavior may be present.
Autism
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Social skills
Fails to respond to his or her
name
Has poor eye contact
Appears not to hear you at
times
Resists cuddling and holding
Appears unaware of others'
feelings
Seems to prefer playing alone
— retreats into his or her "own
world"
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Behavior
Performs repetitive movements,
such as rocking, spinning or
hand-flapping
Develops specific routines or
rituals
Becomes disturbed at the
slightest change in routines or
rituals
Moves constantly
May be fascinated by parts of an
object, such as the spinning
wheels of a toy car
May be unusually sensitive to
Tourette
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Tourette syndrome is a neurological disorder in
which you display unusual movements or make
sounds over which you may have little or no
control (tics). For instance, you may repeatedly
blink your eyes, shrug your shoulders or jerk
your head. In some cases, you might blurt
obscenities.
Slide 16 of 21
Anxiety Disorders
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Anxiety Disorders -imagined fears that occur so
often people cannot even enjoy life.
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder -A person with this
disorder displays intense worry, fears, or anxiety
most days for at least six months.
Anxiety Disorders Continued
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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder- An unwanted thought or
image that takes control of the mind is an obsession.
Social Phobia- In social anxiety disorder, everyday
interactions cause extreme fear and self-consciousness. It
may become impossible for you to eat with acquaintances
or write a check in public, let alone go to a party with lots
of strangers. If your life is disrupted by this kind of fear,
you may have social anxiety disorder.
Panic Attacks
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A panic attack is a
sudden episode of
intense fear that develops
for no apparent reason
and that triggers severe
physical reactions
Panic Attack
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
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People who survive a life
threatening event may
develop post-traumatic stress
disorder.
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Flashbacks
Nightmares
Insomnia
Arachnophobia- The fear of
spiders.
 Ophidiophobia- The fear
irrational fear of a
specific object,
of snakes.
activity, or situation  Acrophobia- The fear of
that leads to a
heights.
compelling desire to
 Agoraphobia- The fear of
avoid it.
situations in which escape is
difficult.
 Trypanophobia- The fear
of injections.
 Social Phobias- The fear of
Phobias
Phobias
Warning Signs
 difficulty
in getting out of bed
 avoiding crowded places
 the constant shaking of hands when
nervous
 neglect themselves
Mood disorders
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Mood Disorders- moods that are extreme and
interfere with daily lives.
Mood Disorders Cont’d
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Bipolar Manic Depressive Disorder- moods that
vary from very high to very depressed.
Seasonal Affective Disorder
( manic phase is very high) extreme joy at times of
no reason
 (depressed phase- very little energy; suicidal,
professional help)
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Mania vs. Depression
Personality Disorders
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Personality Disorderspersonality is so unusual,
that it interferes with
their daily lives.
Narcissistic Personalityboastful, and conceited
Passive- Aggressive
Personality- Switches
back and forth.
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Avoidant Personality- no
social contact
Dependent Personalityinsecure
Histrionic Personalitydraws attention to
themselves with
behavior.
Impulse control Disorder
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People with an impulse-control disorder cannot
resist the impulse, or drive, to act in a way that is
harmful to themselves or to others.
Famous People
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Michelangelo
Ernest Hemingway
Kurt Cobain
Emily Dickenson
Abraham Lincoln
Charles Darwin
Ludwig Von Beethoven
Eating Disorder
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Mental disorder that reveals itself through
abnormal behaviors related to food.
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Anorexia- doesn’t eat enough food to maintain a
healthy diet
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Dieting gone wild
Anorexia Cont’d
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A person with Anorexia can “starve to death”
Clinical Depression & Suicide
Causes:
Low Self-Esteem
 Troubled relationships
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Bulimia Cont’d
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Weight in their normal range
Health problems come with binging and
purging.
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Kidney problems, dehydration, tooth and throat
decay, lack of necessary vitamins
Suicide and clinical depression
Bulimia usually starts with a diet and becomes an
uncontrollable cycle
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
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is a somatoform disorder in which the affected
person is excessively concerned about and
preoccupied by a perceived defect in his or her
physical features
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Hypochondriac (physical and psychiatric)
Binge Eating
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Uncontrollable urge to eat large amounts of
food.
Cannot stop eating when they are full
 Excess weight and unhealthy dieting
 Depression and guilt
 Not being able to handle stressful emotions
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Clinical Depression
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Defining Depression
People with clinical depression may feel sad and
hopeless for months.
 Recognizing Depression
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A person who has clinical depression will experience four
or more of the symptoms nearly every day for at least two
weeks.
Slide 38 of 20
Risk Factors
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A parent or other close biological relative with
a mood disorder
A major life change or a prolonged stressful
situation
Being the victim of a violent crime
or witnessing violence
Previous Bout of Depression or sense of
hopelessness
Self-Injury
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Self-injury is an unhealthy way to cope with
emotions, stress, or traumatic events.
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Cutting or Burning (common ways of self-injury)
Facts of Suicide
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Third Leading Cause of Death among young
people ages 15 to 24
Second Leading Cause from 10 to 24
Def: Intention of taking one’s own life
What are some causes of suicide? (Depression,
stress, confusion)
55% of all suicides are done with a firearm
Males are four times more likely to die from
suicide than females
Cluster Suicides
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Cluster suicides are a series of suicides that
occur within a short period of time in the same
peer group or community.
Suicide Prevention
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Recognize the signs of
Suicide.
Tell Others- share your
knowledge with parents,
teachers, or counselors.
Stay with the person
Be supportive
Listen Intelligently
Urge to get professional help
Signs Of Suicide
“WORDS THAT
WORRY”
Treatments for Mental Disorders
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Psychotherapy- supportive, behavioral, and
internal
A psychiatrist is a physician who can diagnose
and treat mental disorders.
A clinical psychologist is trained to recognize
and treat behavior that is not normal.
School Counselor
Teacher or other Guardian
PsychopharmacologyPsychopharmacologyAnti-anxiety- benzodiazepines (valium, rohypnol
Stimulants- adderall and ritailin
Antidepressants- Zoloft, PAXIL, Prozac
Approaches continued
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Family Therapy- group therapy where the
patient and the family meet for ways to interact
with one another.
Behavior Modification- new behavioral
approaches and patterns to react in different life
situations.