Download Session 5-Psychiatric disorders_Signs and Types

PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS
(MENTAL ILLNESSES)
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF PSYCHIATRIC
DISORDERS
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
OF
PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS

Self neglect
A lack off cleanliness in self-care
 Unkempt hair
 Wearing clothes that are dirty


Flamboyant clothing

Dressed in colourful, flamboyant way
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
OF
PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS

Postures and Movements
Mannerisms: Repeated involuntary movements that is goaldirected
 Negativism: A motiveless resistance to commands
 Posturing: Adopting inappropriate bodily posture for long
period
 Stereotypies: Repeated regular fixed patterns of movement or
speech that is not goal directed

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
OF
PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS
 Disorders
of speech

Pressure of speech: Increased in quantity and rate

Flight of ideas: Stream of accelerated thoughts with
abrupt changes between topics and no central
direction

Circumstantiality: Slowed thinking incorporating
unnecessary trivial details

Loosening of association: Odd, tangential associations
between ideas; incomprehensible, incoherent speech
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
OF
PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS

Disorders of emotion

Depression: Low or sad mood that may be accompanied by
lack of pleasure

Expansive mood: Feelings expressed without restraint; self
importance overrated

Irritability: Liability to outbursts or reduced control over
aggressive impulses towards others
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
OF
PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS

Disorders of emotion

Agitation: Excessive motor activity with a feeling of more
tension

Anxiety: Feeling of apprehension caused by anticipating an
external or internal danger

Apathy: Indifference and a loss of emotional tone and ability to
feel pleasure
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
OF
PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS

Disorders of thought content

Obsession: Repetitive, senseless thoughts, recognized as
irrational and unsuccessfully resited

Phobia: Persistent irrational fear of an activity, object or
situation leading to avoidance. Fear is disproportionate

Hypochondriasis: Preoccupation with a fear of having a serious
physical illness
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
OF
PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS
 Disorders

of thought content
Delusion: A false personal belief based on incorrect
inferences about external reality and firmly sustained in
spite of what almost everyone else believes and in
spite of what constitutes obvious proof of evidence to
the contrary.. This belief is not one normally held by
others of the same culture.
Delusion of persecution
 Delusion of grandeur
 Delusional jealousy
 Delusion of reference
 Somatic delusion
 Bizarre delusion

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
OF
PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS
 Disorders

of Perception
Hallucination: A false sensory perception occurring in
the absence of real external stimuli. It is perceived as
being located in the objective space and as having the
same realistic qualities of normal perception
Auditory
 Visual
 Olfactory
 Gustatory
 Tactile

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
OF
PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS

Disorders of attention:


Distractibility: Attention is drawn too frequently to unimportant or
irrelevant external stimuli
Memory Disorders

Amnesia: Inability to recall past experience

Paramnesias:
Confabulation: Gaps in memory are unconsciously filled with false
memories
 Déjà vu: Feeling that current situation has been experienced
 Jamais vu: failure to recognise a familiar situation

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
OF
PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS

Disorders of consciousness

Clouding of consciousness: Drowsy and does not react to
stimuli

Delirium: Patient bewildered, disoriented and restless. May be
associated with fear and hallucinations
TYPES OF MENTAL DISORDERS
 Organic

disorders
Delirium
Substance withdrawal delirium
 Infections
 Intoxication delirium

 Psychoactive




drug use disorders
Acute Intoxication
Dependence Syndrome
Harmful Use
Withdrawal State
TYPES OF MENTAL DISORDERS

Psychotic disorders
Schizophrenia
 Delusional (Paranoid) disorders
 Schizoaffective disorders
 Bipolar disorders (Mood disorders)

TYPES OF MENTAL DISORDERS

Depressive disorders
Major depression
 Minor depression
 Bipolar depression

TYPES OF MENTAL DISORDERS
 Neurotic,
stress related and somatoform disorders
Generalised Anxiety Disorder
 Panic Disorders
 Phobic disorders
 Obsessive-compulsive disorder
 Acute stress reaction
 Adjustment disorder
 Post traumatic stress disorder
 Dissociative Disorder
 Somatoform Disorder

TYPES OF MENTAL DISORDERS

Other disorders





Personality disorders
Suicide and parasuicide
Sleep disorders
Psychosexual and gender disorders
Dysthymia
ANXIOUS AND AGITATED PATIENT
 Substance
intoxication
 Substance
withdrawal
 Anxiety



disorders
Panic disorder
Generalised anxiety disorder
Post traumatic stress disorder
 Organic
anxiety disorder
DEPRESSED PATIENT

Depressive disorder

Substance induced depression

Mixed anxiety and depression
MANIC AND DISINHIBITED
PATIENT

Substance induced Mania

Organic manic disorder

Bipolar disorder
INSOMNIA

Substance induced Insomnia

Insomnia secondary to psychiatric disorders

Insomnia due to physical discomfort
DELUDED PATIENT

Substance induced delusional disorder

Schizophrenia

Delusional disorder
HALLUCINATED PATIENT

Substance induced hallucinosis

Schizophrenia

Organic hallucinosis
CONFUSED PATIENT

Substance induced delirium

Organic delirium
AGGRESSIVE PATIENT

Substance induced aggression

Bipolar disorder

Schizophrenia
MANAGEMENT

Short-term Risk Management

Redefining the diagnosis

Management of the psychiatric disorder
SHORT TERM RISK
MANAGEMENT
Assessment of risk
 Risk to self
From deliberate self harm or suicide
 From self neglect
 From being vulnerable to others


Risk to others
By aggression
 By neglect of others

REFINING THE DIAGNOSIS

An initial period of assessment

A diagnostic trial

Making a provisional diagnosis
MANAGEMENT OF
PSYCHIATRIC DISORDER


Short term management

Biological treatment

Psychological treatment

Social treatment
Long term treatment