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Transcript
THE FALL OF ROME Targets: I can identify the many problems that threatened the Roman Empire, eventually leading one emperor to divide it in half I can analyze Rome’s decline as a result of invasions, political (government) problems, and economic (money) problems I can consider the Byzantine Empire, where a new society was created with religious traditions that were very different from Rome’s What is happening in the world??? ■ History doesn’t just happen in one place at one time ■ At the same time: – Rome was the greatest mega city on earth – China was growing an empire too ■ A growing network of roads and shipping lanes called infrastructure: – Spread goods across 3 continents – Ideas flowed across those places too ■ Christianity and the other world religions spread and grew creating an interconnectedness that mankind never knew before – That idea is called globalization The Roman Empire Under Augustus Powerful! While you watch the clip…. ■ What happened to Rome in 410 AD ? ■ Who is Aleric? ■ Why did the Visthgoths attack Rome? ■ How were the Visthgoths able to defeat the Roman city? ■ Besides the invasion of Germanic tribes, what were some other problems faced by Rome? History Channel: The Dark Ages Your Fall of Rome Reading… ■ Part 1 Problems in and out of the Empire What caused the Fall of Rome (476)? 1. Germanic tribes invade from north; Inability to defend its large empire (Visthgoths, Vandals, Franks, Saxons, Huns) 2. Weak and oppressive government some really bad emperors 3. Smaller population (warfare, plague) and need for increased defense increase in taxes Problems in and out of the Empire What caused the Fall of Rome (476)? 4. Weakened army (use of mercenaries), lack of patriotism 5. Roman expansion stopped—no new gold, Roman govt. mints new money, money devalued Big Gap between rich and poor 6. Decline of the middle class farmers lose land and nobles gain land; “haves and have nots” 7. Decline in Roman values, corruption in the government: officials bribe to achieve their goals – often ignoring needs of the citizens. Being entertained by animals eating gladiators. Your Fall of Rome Reading… ■ Part 2 Division of the Empire – brief revival Diocletian ■ Believed Rome was too big – Broke it into two and ruled the east ■ Tried temporary measures: – Increased taxes – Created a budget ■ Failed: Wealthy wouldn’t make product – Banned astronomy and other types of sciences – Limited freedoms ■ Leaves office and Constantine takes over… Constantine ■ Stretched the empire a little ■ Reunited east and west for a short time – Moved the capital east (now Turkey) – Constantinople ■ Last great emperor – Allowed Christianity with full Roman Rights – Strict Laws ■ Although it was still called the “Roman Empire” it wasn’t really Roman anymore since everything moved east Rome Fell Like a Game of Jenga Social Factors Political Factors Economic Factors Many factors weakened Rome over the course of several centuries. By the end, it was too broken to save Military Factors Decline… ■ Early Invasions – Barbarians start to attack Romans fight to keep Goths out of Roman territory , they even pay them – Rome stopped making payments Rome is sacked in 410 – Goth victory allowed other barbarians, such as the Huns and Attila to raid the empire ■ Rome had no strong leader, barbarian generals overthrow last emperor – This is considered the end of the Western Roman Empire (476) Germanic Tribes 1. Loyalty to tribes, no countries or empires – Even though many barbarians were hired by Rome & were starving 2. Kings divided land and gave to sons numerous civil wars 3. Few written laws 4. Trial by ordeal, by duel, by honor instead of RULE OF LAW 5. Disrupted Trade: Unsafe to travel cities decline 6. Decline of learning: Germanic tribes couldn’t read or write Only Church maintained literacy 7. Loss of a common language: Latin declined local dialects develop (i.e. English, Greek). Is this your Ancestor? Meet the Barbarians! Alaric – Goth snubbed by Rome who sacked the city in 410 Attila – Hun who controlled nearly all of Europe, but stopped before taking Rome because of a deal with the Pope. Most feared of the barbarian generals. Odoacer – Ostrogoth who received the Roman imperial crown from Romulus Augustus in 476. 4 FACTORS WEAKENED ROME So.. Why did Rome Fall? Republican principles do not fit into empire building Moral Answer: Economic Answer: ■ Luxury & Sloth = Decline ■ low productivity – scarcity of silver & gold Christian Answer: ■ Fell to prepare for City of God Physical Answer: Free-Thinkers Answer: ■ soil depletion, deforestartion, climate change, droughts ■ Christianity weakened & disarmed the Romans Political Answer: ■ Loss of national spirit Social Answer: ■ War of social classes – institution of slavery Pathological Answer: ■ plague and malaria Bio-cyclical Answer: ■ empire is like an organism and goes through stages Finished. Your Fall of Rome Reading… ■ Part 3 A New Eastern Empire The Byzantine Empire – Despite Western Fall (Rome) the Eastern empire thrived in wealth and power – New society: People spoke Greek instead of Latin and interpreted Christianity differently than western Christians A New Eastern Empire ■ Justinian – Ruled from 527-565 with his wife Theodora – Passionate about reclaiming Rome ■ Was able to take much of Italy from the Goths, but Rome itself was exchanged about three times – Passionate about the law ■ Created a new legal system : Justinians Code – simplified the law and mad treatment fair – Passionate about the church ■ Removed out of date/unchristian laws ■ Ordered the rebuilding of Hagia Sophia Church Fall of Rome = Rise of the Middle Ages and Christianity Your Fall of Rome Reading… ■ Was there anything Rome could have done – or was it inevitable? By the th 5 Century… ■ The Vikings are out and about ■ At the same time, gold is discovered in the Arabian deserts – Allows for new innovations and technology ■ The Roman Empire fell and a huge power struggle is happening in Europe – Barbarians are destroying towns and cities in Europe – Europe has entered the Dark Ages ■ The world continues to fight wars over religion and territory Target Review::: I can identify the many problems that threatened the Roman Empire, eventually leading one emperor to divide it in half I can analyze Rome’s decline as a result of invasions, political (government) problems, and economic (money) problems I can consider the Byzantine Empire, where a new society was created with religious traditions that were very different from Rome’s Can you meet your Learning Targets? ■ Summarize the factors that contributed to the decline of the Roman Empire.