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Mundelein High School
Earth Science
FINAL EXAM
Terms 1 and 3
Version A
Please do NOT make any marks in this test booklet.
Read each question carefully, and then pick the best answer. Mark your scantron
sheets neatly and carefully.
Good Luck!
Earth Science Final Exam Term 1
Use the topographic map below to answer questions 1 and 2. Points X, Y, and Z are locations on the map.
Elevations are expressed in meters.
1. Which profile best represents the topography along the dashed line from point X to point Y?
A.
C.
B.
D.
2. Which way is Mill River flowing?
A. Northwest
B. Northeast
C. Southwest
D. Southeast
3. The topographic map below shows the location of a stream. Points A and B are locations on Earth’s surface.
What is the gradient between points A and B?
A. 1 m/km
B. 2 m/km
C. 10 m/km
D. 20 m/km
Use the map below to answer question 4.
4. What is the latitude and longitude of
Houston, TX?
A. 40° N 95° W
B. 28° N 90° W
C. 35° N 95° W
D. 28° N 95° W
5. What is the longitude of the Prime
Meridian?
A. 0°
B. 10°
C. 45°
D. 90°
6. GPS satellites can relay all of the following information EXCEPT
A. Position
B. Elevation
C. Direction
D. Weather
7. The division of Earth’s geologic history into units of time called eons, eras, periods, and epochs is based on
A. absolute dating techniques
B. fossil evidence
C. climatic changes
D. seismic data
8. Evidence of mass extinctions of life-forms is preserved in the fossil record. It is inferred that some of these
extinctions occurred because of
A. earthquakes
B. solar eclipses
C. asteroid impacts
D. tsunamis
9. The geologic time line below represents the three most recent geologic eras. The numbers represent events
in Earth’s history. Which number best represents when modern humans are inferred to have first appeared on
Earth?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
10. Most scientists believe Earth’s Early Achaean atmosphere was formed primarily by gases released from
A. stream erosion
B. chemical weathering
C. volcanic eruptions
D. plant transpiration
Use the passage below to answer questions 11 and 12.
Earth’s Early Atmosphere
Early in Earth’s history, the molten outer layers of Earth released gases to form an early atmosphere. Cooling
and solidification of that molten surface formed the early lithosphere approximately 4.4 billion years ago.
Around 3.3 billion years ago, photosynthetic organisms appeared on Earth and removed large amounts of
carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, which allowed Earth to cool even faster. In addition, they introduced
oxygen into Earth’s atmosphere, as a by-product of photosynthesis. Much of the first oxygen that was
produced reacted with natural Earth elements, such as iron, in the lithosphere and produced new varieties of
rocks and minerals. Eventually, photosynthetic organisms produced enough oxygen so that it began to
accumulate in Earth’s atmosphere. About 450 million years ago, there was enough oxygen in the atmosphere
to allow for the development of an ozone layer 30 to 50 kilometers above Earth’s surface. This layer was thick
enough to protect organisms developing on land from the ultraviolet radiation from the Sun.
11. Which of the following is the main idea of the passage above?
A. The formation of the atmospheric gases is due to tree formation.
B. The formation of the atmospheric gases is due to early organisms over time.
C. The formation of the atmospheric gases is due to a sudden increase in nitrogen.
D. The formation of the atmospheric gases is due to carbon sequestration.
12. Which of the following is an appropriate inference based on this passage?
A. The formation of the ozone hindered the evolution of marine animals.
B. The formation of the ozone allowed for new types of rocks and minerals to be formed.
C. The formation of the ozone increased volcanic activity.
D. The formation of the ozone increased biodiversity on land.
13. Which of the following is a probable reason why the first rocks on Earth were most likely igneous in origin?
A. Igneous rocks are the least complex.
B. Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks have an igneous origin.
C. The number of volcanoes was much lower in early Earth’s history than now.
D. Earthquakes created all igneous rocks.
Use the figure to the right to answer question 14.
14. Which test, A, B, or C, shows the streak test for mineral
identification?
A. Test A
B. Test B
C. Test C
D. none of the above show the streak test
15. Relative cooling rates of igneous rocks are estimated by comparing rocks’
A. crystal sizes
B. composition
C. density
D. color
Use the table below to answer questions 16.
16. Which mineral (A, B, C, D, E or F) is represented by the sample on your desk?
17. Which of the following is NOT a factor in magma formation?
A. temperature
B. time
C. pressure
D. water content
18. Which statement best describes how rocks are classified as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic?
A. Rocks are classified by where they are found.
B. Rocks are classified by how old they are.
C. Rocks are classified by how they were formed.
D. Rocks are classified by their color.
19. A newspaper article reported that fossil was found that was 200,000 years old according to generally
accepted radioactive dating procedures. A letter to the editor of the newspaper disputed the accuracy of the
age determination because the fossil was found closer to the Earth’s surface than were previously discovered
fossils of the same age.
Which of the following would be an appropriate argument against the letter writer’s claim?
A. Older rock layers commonly lay deeper underground than younger ones.
B. Older rock layers may be pushed closer to the surface by geologic processes.
C. The age of a rock layer can often help in determining the age of the fossils it contains.
D. Fossils form only under certain conditions.
Use the figure below to answer question 20.
20. Which of the following processes need to occur for
an igneous rock to become a metamorphic rock, as
labeled in box A?
A. Weathering and erosion
B. Heat and pressure
C. Melting
D. Cooling
21. A student obtains a cup of quartz sand from a beach. A saltwater solution is poured into the sand and
allowed to evaporate. The mineral residue from the saltwater solution cements the sand grains together,
forming a material that is most similar in origin to
A. an extrusive igneous rock
B. an intrusive igneous rock
C. a clastic sedimentary rock
D. a foliated metamorphic rock
Base your answers to question 22 on the drawings of the six rocks labeled A-F below.
22. Most of the rocks shown above were formed by
A. volcanic eruptions
B. compaction and/or cementation
C. heat and pressure
D. melting
23. Current plate tectonic movement on Earth is caused by
A. convection in the crust
B. convection in the mantle
C. convection in the outer core
D. convection in the inner core
24. When two tectonic plates collide, oceanic crust usually subducts beneath continental crust because
oceanic crust is primarily composed of igneous rock that has
A. low density and is mafic
B. low density and is felsic
C. high density and is mafic
D. high density and is felsic
Use the Map of Drilling Sites to answer this question. The map shows the locations of deep-sea core drilling
sites numbered 1 through 4. The approximate location of the East Pacific Ridge is shown by a dashed line.
Point A is located on the East Pacific Ridge.
25. At which drilling site would the oldest igneous
bedrock most likely be found?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
The map below shows the Atlantic Ocean divided into zones A, B, C, and D. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is located
between zones B and C.
26. Which graph best represents the geologic age of the surface bedrock on the ocean bottom?
A
C
B
D
27. The cross section below shows a portion of Earth’s crust. Which observation provides the most direct
evidence that crustal plate collision has occurred near this region?
A. alternating layers of shale and limestone bedrock
B. absence of an igneous intrusive rock
C. different thicknesses of the sedimentary layers
D. folding of the sedimentary layers
28. The block diagram below shows the boundary between two tectonic plates. Which type of plate boundary
is shown?
A. divergent
B. convergent
C. transform
D. complex
29. Matching ____ on different continents are evidence for continental drift.
A. river systems
B. rock structures
C. weather patterns
D. wind systems
30. In 150 million years, where may Los Angeles be in relation to San Francisco’s current location?
A. South of it
B. North of it
C. East of it
D. It won’t move
31. What is one way tectonic plate movement affects climate?
A. It creates mountains that affect wind patterns.
B. It changes the location of the equator and the poles.
C. It keeps ice sheets from melting.
D. It keeps air temperatures constant.
32. One result of the collision that formed Pangaea was
A. The Appalachian Mountains
B. The continent of Gondwanaland
C. The South Atlantic Ocean
D. The Himalaya Mountains
Use the diagram to the right to answer questions 33 and 34.
33. What type of plate boundary is most likely to occur at Point A in the
diagram to the right?
A. Transform
B. Divergent
C. Reverse
D. Convergent
34. Which of the following can be explained at Point B?
A. Plates move apart and volcanoes form.
B. Plates move past each other sideways.
C. Plates are not moving.
D. Plates move toward each other and volcanoes form.
35. Which of the following is not a divergent plate boundary?
A. The Great Rift Valley of East Africa.
B. The East Pacific Rise
C. The San Andreas Fault
D. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Use the map to the right to answer question 36. Seismic stations are located
at the four cities shown on the map. Letter X represents the epicenter of an
earthquake determined from seismic waves recorded at all four cities.
36. Which map correctly shows how the location of the epicenter was determined?
A
C
B
D
37. For weeks after a series of major volcanic eruptions, Earth’s surface air temperatures are often
A. warmer because ash and dust decrease atmospheric transparency
B. warmer because ash and dust increase atmospheric transparency
C. cooler because ash and dust decrease atmospheric transparency
D. cooler because ash and dust increase atmospheric transparency
Use the data table below, which gives information collected at seismic stations W, X, Y, and Z for the same
earthquake, to answer questions 38 and 39. Some of the data have been omitted.
38. Which seismic station was farthest from the earthquake epicenter?
A. W
B. X
C. Y
D. Z
39. At which station would surface waves arrive first?
A. W
B. X
C. Y
D. Z
40. What is elastic rebound?
A. The sudden return of deformed rock to its undeformed shape
B. The gradual return of deformed rock to its undeformed shape
C. The sudden return of undeformed rock to its deformed shape
D. The gradual return of undeformed rock to its deformed shape
41. Which of the following is not studied to forecast earthquakes?
A. seismic activity
B. foreshocks
C. rock formations
D. all of the above are studied
42. A person located twice as far from an epicenter of an earthquake as another person will notice that the
time between the arrival of the primary and secondary waves will be ____.
A. the same
B. larger
C. reduced
D. unnoticeable
43. According to the figure below, which of the following would cause more damage?
A. P
B. S
C. both produce equal damage
D. neither produce damage
44. The Hawaiian Islands formed at a
A. convergent boundary
B. divergent boundary
C. transform boundary
D. hot spot
45. In an area where a river has cut deep into Earth, there are several layers of very different rock exposed.
The oldest rock layer is most likely to be the layer that is
A. at the bottom of all the layers
B. the thickest layers
C. the most rich in fossils
D. igneous intrusive rock
46. The Richter scale measures which of the following earthquake characteristics?
A. intensity
B. magnitude
C. frequency
D. probability
47. Which type of volcano would be the least explosive?
A. cinder cone
B. stratovolcano
C. shield volcano
D. composite cone
48. Which of the following is an example of positive feedback loop?
A. The heat in your house will turn on when it gets too cold
B. Increase in water vapor in the atmosphere decreases temperature
C. If you are tired and get any sleep your level of fatigue decreases
D. An increased number of foreclosures on house decrease property value which leads to more
foreclosures
49. Animals affect the carbon cycle by…
A. Creating more carbon atoms through cell division
B. Releasing CO2 into the atmosphere, increasing atmospheric levels of carbon
C. Consuming carbon, reducing the total amount of carbon that exists in the cycle
D. None of the above; animals do not affect the carbon cycle
50. If the carbon in the atmosphere increases drastically due to increased amounts of CO2, what effect might
you see as a result?
A. increased cases of sunburn
B. warmer average temperature
C. increased incidence of earthquakes
D. more snowfall in the winter
51. Which of these statements about the carbon cycle, is best illustrated by the diagram below?
A. Animals under water eat plants.
B. Land animals exhale oxygen into water.
C. Water-dwelling animals breathe carbon dioxide.
D. Plants can take in carbon dioxide from air or water.
52. The model shown below illustrates stream erosion between locations A and B in the stream.
Placing a second block under location A will cause the stream’s velocity to
A. decrease and the rate of erosion to decrease
B. decrease and the rate of erosion to increase
C. increase and the rate of erosion to decrease
D. increase and the rate of erosion to increase
The diagram below shows a laboratory stream table. A mixture of sediment was placed on the stream table.
A short time after the faucet was turned on, a deposit of sediment began forming at location X at the lower
end of the stream table.
53. What is the name of the stream feature
forming at location X?
A. V-shaped valley
B. meander
C. delta
D. floodplain
54. Which graph best represents the general relationship between soil particle size and the permeability rate
of infiltrating rainwater?
A
C
B
D
55. The photograph below shows farm buildings partially buried in silt. Which erosional agent most likely piled
the silt against these buildings?
A. glacial ice
B. ocean waves
C. wind
D. mass movements
56. The formation of soil is primarily the result of
A. stream erosion and mass movement
B. stream deposition and runoff
C. precipitation and wind erosion
D. weathering and biological activity
57. In which of the following climates would chemical weathering most readily occur?
A. wet and warm
B. dry and warm
C. wet and cool
D. dry and cool
58. Which of the following characteristics of water can be responsible for mechanical weathering?
A. Water flows downstream under gravity.
B. Water expands when it freezes.
C. Water combines with atmospheric gases to form acid rain.
D. Water reacts with and can dissolve many kinds of minerals.
Base your answer to question 59 on the map below, which shows a portion of a stream in New York State that flows
southward. Letters A through E represent locations in the stream. Line XY is the location of a cross section.
59. At which two locations in this stream is deposition normally dominant over erosion?
A. C and E
B. A and C
C. C and B
D. A and B
60. Which of the following is not an example of coevolution?
A. the formation of soil due to microorganisms and land plants
B. the formation of oxygen in the atmosphere due to photosynthetic organisms which allowed for the
evolution of animal life
C. the increase in biodiversity due to the loss of wetland habitat
D. the increase in coral provides new habitats therefore increasing biodiversity
Final Exam Part 2: Written Section
1. Scientists wanted to know how depth of the epicenter of an earthquake affects its magnitude. Below is
the hypothesis of the scientists and the data they collected. Use this information to complete a graph
and a conclusion for this experiment. The scientists hypothesized that the deeper the epicenter of the
earthquake, the lower the magnitude would be because there is more crust between the epicenter and
the surface to absorb the energy.
Recorded depths and associated magnitude of recent earthquakes.
Depth of epicenter (km)
1
2
4
7
8
10
Magnitude
3.3
3.6
3.7
4
4.6
5
a. Make a graph visually showing how depth of the epicenter of an earthquake affects its
magnitude. Make sure to include ALL parts of a graph.
b. Write a conclusion based on these results. Make sure to include ALL parts of a conclusion.
2. Oil is spilled onto the water from an ocean going tanker. Investigators want to know whether wave
motion will help spread out the oil, making it less concentrated. Design an experiment that they can
carry out in a laboratory to find out whether wave motion will disperse, or spread out, the oil.
A. Pose a Question:
B. Hypothesis:
C. Materials:
D. Procedure (in numerical form):