Download Pericardium

Heart Anatomy
Contents
Position
External morphology
Cardiac Chambers
Structure of the Heart
Conduction System
Vessels of the Heart
Pericardium
Position of the heart
• Lies within the pericardium in
middle mediastinum
• Behind the body of sternum
and coastal cartilages 2 to 6
• In front of thoracic
vertebrae 5 to 8
• A third of it lies to the right
of median plan and 2/3 to
the left
External morphology
• one apex,
• one base,
• two surfaces
• three borders
• three grooves
Atria
Auricles
Anterior
Interventricular
Sulcus
Posterior
Interventricular
Sulcus
Left Ventricle
Right Ventricle
Cardiac chambers
• right atrium
• right ventricle
• left atrium
• left ventricle
Chambers of the Heart
Right atrium
Pectinate
Muscle
Right ventricle
tricuspid valve
Left atrium
Papillary
muscles
Trabeculae
carneae
 Left ventricle
mitral valve
Left ventricle
inflow and outflow
tracts (divided by
the ant.cusp of
the bicuspid valves)
※ the papillary muscles(2 groups)
Heart Valves
Bicuspid
(mitral)
valve
Aortic
valve
Tricuspid
valve
Pulmonary
valve
Semilunar valve
Ventricle systole
Ventricle diastole
Tricuspid valve & mitral valve
tricuspid valve
mitral valve
Ventricle diastole or systole ?
Ventricle diastole or systole ?
Structure of the heart
the walls of the heart
3 layers
— endocardium
*continue with the lining of
the large blood vessels
— myocardium
*2 kinds: the ordinary
cardiac muscles
the specially m.
— epicardium
• Septum
interatrial septum
----Oval fossa
interventricular septum
----Membranous part
Structure
the walls of the heart
3 layers
—endocardium
*continue with the lining of
the large blood vessels
—myocardium
*2 kinds: the ordinary
cardiac muscles
the specially m.
— epicardium
• Septum
interatrial septum
----Oval fossa
interventricular septum
----Membranous part
Atria
Septum
Ventricles
Left
ventricle
Conduction System
It is consists of the special
cardiac muscles
5 parts:
Sinoatrial node
Atrioventricular node,
Atrio-ventricular bundle
Left and right branches
Purkinje fibers.
— The sinoatrial node (SAN)
*It is lies the junction between the right auricle and the sup.vena cava
— The atrioventricular node (AVN)
*It is lies in the lower portion of the interatrial septum just above the
orifice of the coronary sinus
— Purkinje fibers
Electrocardiogram
Vessels of Heart
• The arteries
the left coronary a.
the right coronary a.
• The veins of the heart
the coronary sinus
the ant. cardiac v.
the smallest v.
Coronary arteries
right coronary a.
left coronary a.
The arteries
The left coronary a.
 arises from the left aortic sinus
 2 branches: ant.interventricular br. and circumflex br.
 To supply the left atrium, left ventricle, the anterior surface of the
right ventricle,anterior 2/3 of the interventricular septum,sometimes,
supply the SAN and AVN.
The arteries
The right coronary a.
 arise from the right aortic sinus and runs along the right portion of the
coronary groove
 2 branches: post interventricular branch
post branch of the left venticle
 To supply right atrium, right ventriclepost. 1/3 of the interventricular
septum, the diaphragmatic surface of left ventricle,the SAN and AVN.
Catheter
Coronary stent 冠状动脉支架
coronary artery bypass graft
冠状动脉搭桥术
Heart transplant
Artificial Heart 人工心脏
The arteries
The coronary sinus
It lies in the post.portion of the coronary sulcus between the left atrium
and left ventricle.
It opens into the right atrium.
It receives:the great cardiac v.,the middle cardiac v. and small cardiac v.
The ant. cardiac v.
The smallest v.
Coronary sinus
Coronary
Sulcus
Pericardium
1. It comprises 2 sacs:
fibrous pericardium
serous pericardium:
parietal layer
visceral layer
2.The pericardial cavity:
the transverse sinus
the oblique sinus
Pericardium
1. It comprises 2 sacs:
fibrous pericardium
serous pericardium:
parietal layer
visceral layer
2.The pericardial cavity:
the transverse sinus
the oblique sinus
Pericardium
1. It comprises 2 sacs:
fibrous pericardium
serous pericardium:
parietal layer
visceral layer
2.The pericardial cavity:
the transverse sinus
the oblique sinus
the transverse sinus
the oblique sinus
思考题：

试述心的位置和体表投影

试述心的外形及心腔分部

心腔内面能观察到哪些结构？

使心腔血液定向流动的结构有哪些？

试述控制心跳节律的结构基础

试述心的血液供应