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The Crusades 1095-1289
Life in Early Middle Ages- decentralized
Government, warfare, cultural isolation,
famine and poor living conditions; poor
trade and inefficient agriculture.
AD. 11 things were improving
I.
II.
III.
Crusades- _______________________ by Europeans Christians in the ___________________ to
regain the __________________ from the ___________________.
a. Over the city of _________________
Jerusalem- Holy city for people of _________ faiths
a. ___________ -Zion, God’s own city and the site of ____________ temple
b. Christians- Place where _______________________________________________________
c. Muslims- __________________ascended into heaven from __________________________
1st Crusade 1096-1099
a. November 1095 _________________- speech asking for volunteer army to take
_____________ and _______________ from the _______________. “Deus Vult!”= God’s will it
i. ___________- welcomed the opportunity to use their _____________________
ii. Peasants- freed from _______________ bonds while on the Crusade
iii. Everyone was promised ________________________________ in heaven if they were
killed freeing the Holy Land from non- Christians.
iv. Other wanted _______________and the possibility of ______________
v. Marks period of Christian ________________ of the Jews
Do you agree with Pope Urban II speech?__________ why?_________________________________________
IV.
b. 1096- _________ armies of Crusaders knights and ___________________ traveled separately
from W. Europe to Med. Sea, killing _________ on the way
c. Armies met in __________________________ in 1097
d. Went to ______________________(1099)
e. 2 month siege and ________________________ fell
f. Crusaders swarmed city and massacred __________________ and ________________
inhabitants
g. Success of 1st Crusade reinforced the authority of the Church and strengthened self-confidence
of W. Europeans- knights returned home
nd
2 Crusade 1147-1149
a. ___________after 1st Crusade, the __________________ conquered part of the Crusader states
in Palestine
b. Pope______________________ called for a 2nd Crusade
c. 2nd Crusade was __________________- defeated by the Seljuks
V.
VI.
VII.
3rd Crusade- “Crusade of the Kings” 1189-1192
a. ____________________- united Muslims forces and captured Jerusalem in 1187
b. Holy Roman Emperor Fredrick Barbarossa- ________________________
Assembled
c. King Philip Augustus- _______________
warriors for 3rd
d. ___________________________- England
Crusade
i. “Crusade of Kings” lasted from ____________________- not successful
Barbarossa died on the way to __________________- army returned home
_____________________ returned to France
_________________ continued alone- won several battles, but could not win a decisive
victory over ________________- fought for three years- Richard signed a truce with the
Muslims and tried to persuade Saladin to return ____________________ to the
Christians- Saladin refused, but allowed Christian ____________ access.
th
4 Crusade 1202-1204
a. ______________ attacked Constantinople- burned libraries, destroyed _______________ and
stole treasure
b. Weakens ___________________________ (making possible a later Muslim invasion)
c. Lasting _____________ between Eastern Orthodox world and Roman Catholics
Effects
a. _______________________________ failed to gain control of Palestine
b. Helped breakdown ____________________ and increase authority of the king
c. Broaden ___________________ views of the world
d. ____________________ learned how to build better ships, make accurate maps, and use a
magnetic compass