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Download Intro. to Genetics
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Objective: The student will be able to understand genetics Pg. • Fill in the pamphlet as we go through the PowerPoint • When we are finished you can glue it into your notebook. • To do so place a strip of glue on the top of the back page Introduction to Genetics Genetics = the study of heredity • Gregor Medel • The Father of Genetics • carried out important studies of heredity • Heredity—the passing on of traits from parents to offspring • Trait- a specific characteristic that is controlled by genes • Ex. Eye color, hair color, height • Chromosomes • Tightly coiled DNA • Contain your genes •Genes •Sections of DNA that control your traits • Homologous Chromosomes • Chromosomes that are the same size and shape and carry the same genes. P You get one from your mother and one Short pea plant Tall pea plant from your father that match up. 1 F1 All tall pea plants F2 3 tall: 1 short • Alleles • The different forms a gene can take. • Represented by letters • 2 Types of Alleles: • 1. Dominant - Represented by a capital letter (Ex. A) • 2. Recessive - Represented by a lower-case letter (Ex. a) • Genotype •The combination of two alleles that represent the genetic make-up of a individual. 3 Types of Genotypes: • 1. Homozygous Dominant • 2 identical alleles that are capitalized (AA, TT) • 2. Heterozygous • 2 different alleles (Aa, Tt) • 3. Homozygous Recessive • 2 identical alleles that are lower-case (aa, tt) • Phenotype •The observable physical characteristic of an individual that are the result of its genotype. Principle of Dominance • An organism with a recessive allele for a particular trait will exhibit that form only when the dominant allele for the trait is not present. • Organisms with a heterozygous genotype (Aa) will never exhibit the recessive trait because it is hidden (masked) by a dominant allele. • You try this one: A A a A Question 1 The passing on of characteristics from parents to offspring is __________. A. genetics B. heredity C. pollination D. allelic frequency The answer is B. Genetics is the branch of biology that studies heredity. Question 2 What are traits? Answer Traits are characteristics that are inherited. Height, hair color and eye color are examples of traits in humans. Question 3 Gametes are __________. A. male sex cells B. female sex cells C. both male and female sex cells D. fertilized cells that develop into adult organisms The answer is C. Organisms that reproduce sexually produce male and female sex cells, called gametes. Question 4 Which of the following genotypes represents a animal that is homozygous dominant for a trait? a. KK b. Kk c. kk Question 5 Which of the following genotypes represents a plant that is homozygous recessive for height? A. TT B. Tt C. tt