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Description of the course:
The aim of the course is to familiarize the students with selected concepts of different
biomedical disciplines. Knowledge gained by students during the course will support the
understanding of mechanisms determining the proper course of biological processes taking place
within the human body.
Medical biology is a discipline which integrates the principles of cell biology, biochemistry,
histology, cytophysiology. The superior aim of the course is to acquaint the students with the structure
and function of cells, tissues and organs of which the human body constitutes.
The main assumption is that the apprehension of microarchitechtonics and histophysiology of
the human organs will provide the necessary introduction into other disciplines such as physiology,
immunology, pathomorphology and patophysiology introduce during the later stages of medical
studies.
Within the framework of the course the following concepts will be discussed: 1) Structure of
the cell – the morphology of the cell membrane, membrane transport, the structure and function of cell
organelles; 2) Cell division – cell cycle, types of cellular death; 3) Biology of the connective tissue – the
structure and function of the connective tissue cells and intercellular matrix, cytophysiology of the
connective tissue, connective tissue fibers, cells of the connective tissue proper, areolar and dense
connective tissue, adipose tissue. Hyaline, elastic cartilage and fibrocartilage; 4) Biology of the
osseous tissue – growth cytophysiology of the bone, bone healing. Muscle tissue – types of muscle
cells; 5) The structure of the skeletal muscle cells, sarcomeres. The mechanisms of smooth and
skeletal muscle contraction; 6) Biology of the nervous tissue – types and morphology of neurons,
components of the neuroplazm. Neuronal fibers, synapse, neuroglia. Degeneration and regeneration
of the nervous tissue. Central and peripheral nervous system.
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