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Photosynthesis Study Guide
Multiple Choice
Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line provided.
_____ 1. Which of the following is NOT a true statement about ATP?
a. ATP consists of ribose, adenine, and three phosphate groups.
b. ADP is produced when ATP releases energy.
c. ATP provides energy for the mechanical functions of cells.
d. Used ATP is discarded by the cell as waste.
_____ 2. Look at Figure 8–1. All of the following are
parts of an ADP molecule EXCEPT
a. structure A.
b. structure B.
c. structure C.
d. structure D.
_____ 3. What happens during photosynthesis?
a. Heterotrophs consume ATP.
b. Heterotrophs produce ATP.
c. Autotrophs consume carbohydrates.
d. Autotrophs produce carbohydrates.
Figure 8–1
_____ 4. Plants gather the sun’s energy using molecules called
a. pigments.
b. thylakoids.
c. chloroplasts.
d. glucose.
_____ 5. Which structure in Figure 8–2 represents a
single thylakoid?
a. structure A
b. structure B
c. structure C
d. structure D
_____ 6. Where in the chloroplast is chlorophyll
found?
a. in the ATP
b. in the stroma
c. in the thylakoid membrane
d. in the thylakoid space
Figure 8–2
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Figure 8–3
_____ 7. Which chemical shown in Figure 8–3 is an electron carrier molecule?
a. H2O
c. NADP+
b. carbon dioxide
d. oxygen
_____ 8. Why are electron carriers needed for transporting electrons from one part of the chloroplast
to another?
a. High-energy electrons would be destroyed.
b. High-energy electrons are highly reactive.
c. High-energy electrons are not soluble in cytoplasm.
d. High-energy electrons get their energy from electron carriers.
_____ 9. Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into
a. oxygen and carbon.
b. high-energy sugars and proteins.
c. ATP and oxygen.
d. oxygen and high-energy sugars.
Figure 8–4
_____ 10. In Figure 8–4, why might the candle in jar A burn longer than the candle in jar B?
a. Carbon dioxide produced by the plant allows the candle to burn longer.
b. Chlorophyll produced by the plant allows the candle to burn longer.
c. Glucose produced by the plant allows the candle to burn longer.
d. Oxygen produced by the plant allows the candle to burn longer.
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_____ 11. Which of the following is NOT a step in the light-dependent reactions?
a. High-energy electrons move through the electron transport chain.
b. Pigments in photosystem II absorb light.
c. ATP synthase allows H+ ions to pass through the thylakoid membrane.
d. ATP and NADPH are used to produce high-energy sugars.
_____ 12. Where are photosystems I and II found?
a. in the stroma
c. in the Calvin cycle
b. in the thylakoid membrane
d. in the cell membrane
_____ 13. Which pathway represents the flow of electrons during photosynthesis?
a. H2O → Photosystem I → Photosystem II
b. O2 → ADP → Calvin cycle
c. Photosystem I → Calvin cycle → NADP+
d. H2O → NADP+ → Calvin cycle
_____ 14. The Calvin cycle takes place in the
a. stroma.
b. photosystems.
c. thylakoid membranes.
d. chlorophyll molecules.
_____ 15. If you continue to increase the intensity of light that a plant receives, what happens?
a. The rate of photosynthesis increases indefinitely with light intensity.
b. The rate of photosynthesis decreases indefinitely with light intensity.
c. The rate of photosynthesis increases and then levels off .
d. The rate of photosynthesis does not change.
Completion
Complete each statement on the line provided.
16. Thylakoids are arranged in stacks known as
.
17. The area in Figure 8–5 labeled A is called the
.
18. A membrane protein called
allows
+
H ions to pass through the thylakoid membrane and into
the stroma.
19. During the Calvin cycle, molecules of
supply the carbon component of carbohydrates.
20. In many plants, the rate of photosynthesis
the weather becomes very cold.
when
Figure 8–5
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Short Answer
In complete sentences, write the answers to the questions on the lines provided.
Figure 8–6
21. Examine the food web in Figure 8–6 and identify whether each organism is an autotroph or a
heterotroph.
22. Why are six carbon dioxide molecules required to make one glucose molecule?
23. In what ways are photosystems I and II similar?
24. Why is it important that a membrane separate the cellular regions on either side of an ATP
synthase molecule in order for the protein to perform its function?
25. Describe the relationship between the light-dependent and the light-independent reactions.
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Using Science Skills
Use the diagram below to answer the following questions on the lines provided.
A student put together two different experimental setups as shown below.
Figure 8–7
26. Design an Experiment Look at Figure 8–7. What factor is the student varying? What might the
student be trying to test?
27. Control Variables Suggest an appropriate control for the experiment shown in Figure 8–7.
28. Predict In Figure 8–7, assume that the student placed Plant A in indirect sunlight for two days.
How would the rate of photosynthesis of this plant compare with that of a plant grown under
normal conditions?
29. Predict In Figure 8–7, assume that the student placed Plant B in indirect sunlight for two days.
How would the rate of photosynthesis of this plant compare with that of a plant grown under
normal conditions?
30. Predict Review the setups in Figure 8–7. Make a prediction about the effect of carbon dioxide on
starch production in plants.
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Essay
Write the answer to each question in the space provided.
31. Compare the storage capacity of ATP and glucose. How does the cell use each of these molecules
to store energy?
32. Describe the kinds of light that chlorophyll and carotene pigments absorb. What is the advantage
for a plant to have more than one kind of pigment?
33. Some people informally call the light-dependent reactions the “light reactions” and the lightindependent reactions the “dark reactions.” Why is this naming system misleading?
34. Identify three factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis and explain the effect of each.
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9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Study Guide
Multiple Choice
Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line provided.
_____ 1. How do organisms get the energy they need?
a. by burning food molecules and releasing their energy as heat
b. by breathing oxygen into the lungs and combining it with carbon dioxide
c. by breaking down food molecules gradually and capturing their chemical energy
d. by using the sun’s energy to break down food molecules and form chemicals
_____ 2. Which of the following is NOT a stage of cellular respiration?
a. fermentation
c. glycolysis
b. electron transport
d. Krebs cycle
_____ 3. Cellular respiration is called an aerobic process because it requires
a. light.
c. oxygen.
b. exercise.
d. glucose.
_____ 4. Photosynthesis is to chloroplasts as cellular respiration is to
a. chloroplasts.
c. mitochondria.
b. cytoplasm.
d. nuclei.
_____ 5. The products of photosynthesis are the
a. products of cellular respiration.
b. reactants of cellular respiration.
c. products of glycolysis.
d. reactants of fermentation.
_____ 6. Glycolysis provides a cell with a net gain of
a. 2 ATP molecules.
c. 18 ATP molecules.
b. 4 ATP molecules.
d. 36 ATP molecules.
_____ 7. Glycolysis requires
a. ATP.
b. oxygen.
c. sunlight.
d. NADP+.
_____ 8. The Krebs cycle starts with
a. lactic acid and yields carbon dioxide.
b. glucose and yields ATP.
c. pyruvic acid and yields lactic acid.
d. pyruvic acid and yields carbon dioxide.
_____ 9. In eukaryotes, electron transport occurs in the
a. inner mitochondrial membrane.
b. nucleus.
c. cell membrane.
d. cytoplasm.
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_____ 10. Which of the following pass high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain?
a. NADH and FADH2
b. ATP and ADP
c. citric acid
d. acetyl–CoA
_____ 11. Cellular respiration uses 1 molecule of glucose to produce approximately
a. 2 ATP molecules.
b. 4 ATP molecules.
c. 32 ATP molecules.
d. 36 ATP molecules.
_____ 12. Lactic acid fermentation occurs in
a. bread dough.
b. any environment containing oxygen.
c. muscle cells.
d. mitochondria.
_____ 13. During fermentation,
a. NAD+ is regenerated, allowing glycolysis to continue.
b. glucose is split into 3 pyruvic acid molecules.
c. oxygen is required.
d. carbon dioxide is produced.
_____ 14. Breathing heavily after running a race is your body’s way of
a. making more citric acid.
c. restarting glycolysis.
b. repaying an oxygen debt.
d. stopping the electron transport chain.
_____ 15. The energy needed to win a 1-minute footrace is produced mostly by
a. lactic acid fermentation.
c. using up stores of ATP
b. cellular respiration.
d. breaking down fats.
Completion
Complete each statement on the line provided.
16. Photosynthesis occurs only in plants, algae, and some bacteria. In contrast,
occurs in all eukaryotic cells.
17. Glycolysis rearranges a 6-carbon glucose molecule into two 3-carbon molecules of
18. When
molecules.
19. Glycolysis alone nets only
.
pass through ATP synthase, ATP molecules are produced from ADP
molecules of ATP from each glucose molecule.
20. The body gets rid of lactic acid in a chemical pathway that requires
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.
Short Answer
In complete sentences, write the answers to the questions on the lines provided.
21. Figure 9–1 shows how energy flows among the sun,
plants, animals, and fossil fuels. Which arrow
represents cellular respiration? Explain your reasoning.
22. What roles does oxygen play in photosynthesis and in
cellular respiration?
23. The electron transport chain uses the energy stored in high-energy electrons to pump H+ ions
across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Why?
Figure 9–1
24. What role does oxygen play in the electron transport
chain?
25. Given the inefficiency of two of the pathways shown in
Figure 9–2, what advantage could there be to using
these pathways to produce energy?
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Figure 9–2
Using Science Skills
Use the diagram below to answer the following questions on the lines
provided.
A student poured a solution of bromthymol blue indicator into three test
tubes. Then, he placed an aquatic plant in two of the test tubes, as
shown. He placed a stopper on each test tube and placed them all in the
dark for 24 hours. Bromthymol blue turns from blue to yellow in the
presence of CO2.
26. Apply Concepts Look at Figure 9–3. Which process or processes
would you expect the organisms in the test tubes to carry out—
cellular respiration, photosynthesis, or both? When would you
expect each process to occur?
Figure 9–3
27. Infer What is the purpose of the bromthymol blue in Figure 9–3? How can the student use this
indicator to draw conclusions about the processes that the aquatic plants are carrying out? Explain
your answer.
28. Predict Predict what will happen to the test tubes in Figure 9–3 after 24 hours in the dark.
29. Predict Assume that after 24 hours in the dark, the bromthymol blue in test tubes 2 and 3 in Figure
9–3 had turned yellow. The student then placed test tube 3 in a sunny window. He left test tube 2
in the dark. Predict what color the solution in each test tube will be after the next 24 hours.
30. Apply Concepts Explain your prediction in question 29 in terms of cellular respiration and/or
photosynthesis.
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Essay
Write the answer to each question in the space provided.
31. What would happen if all the energy in glucose were released in just one step instead of gradually
as it is in cellular respiration? How is the gradual process of cellular respiration advantageous to
the cell?
32. Describe the main steps and the results of the Krebs cycle.
33. Identify the electron carriers of cellular respiration. Discuss the relationship between the electron
carriers and the electron transport chain.
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34. People who suffer from a heart attack often have an increased ratio of lactic acid to pyruvic acid in
their hearts. What does this observation say about the availability of oxygen in the heart muscle
cells of someone who has had a heart attack? How could you use this information to screen people
who might be at risk for a heart attack?
35. Why does lactic acid fermentation “kick in” during a sprint race?
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