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Crash Course in Biology #14 Name _______________________ Date ______________ Per __ - Natural Selection and Population Growth 1. At the start of the industrial revolution, _____________ of the peppered moths in London were black. 2. By __________, ____________ of the peppered moths in London were black. 3. Natural selection is the process by which certain _______________________________ make it easier 4. for some individuals to ___________________ and ____________________ , changing the 5. _____________________________________of ______________________ over time. 6. Charles Darwin’s _______ book was titled ___________________________________________________. 7. Lots of factors play roles in how species change over time including ________________________, 8. ______________________, and the process of _______________________________. 9. Natural selection is the most powerful and important cause of ___________________________________. 10. Name 3 things Darwin studied: ___________________, __________________, and _________________. 11. Darwin formulated his theory during a voyage on the _________________________ in the ___________. 12. What is an adaptation? 13. Darwin studied the beaks of ____________ in the Galapagos Islands found where? 14. In evolutionary terms, what is fitness? 15. First principle of natural selection: 16. Second principle: 17. Third principle: 18. Darwin called this the “____________________________________________” 19. Darwin’s overpopulation idea was inspired by economist __________________________________. 20. For about every ___ people who die, about ___ are born, so the world’s population is growing at _____/sec. 22. Three things created by overpopulation: _____________________, __________________ and _________. 23. It took humanity _________________ years to go from 0 to ______________________ people, 24. then to ______________________ people in ____________ years. 25. What is a “youth bulge”? 26. Fourth principle of natural selection: 27. _______________ do not evolve, natural selection changes the genetic composition of ________________. 28. A phenotype is: 29. A genotype is: 30. Directional selection definition and example: 31. Stabilizing selection definition and example: 32. Disruptive selection definition and example: 33. Considering sexual selection, list two ways that males use to increase opportunities to mate with females: (a) (b) 34. The increase in size of peacock tails is due to ________________________ sexual selection. 35. The __________ wolf was bred to form dogs through the process of _____________________ selection.