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2010 SEC Definition-style Questions Higher Level Paper: Term Acceptable response per marking scheme Trace element Small amount (needed) or indication of e.g. < 0.01% Triglyceride Fat (or lipid or oil) unit (or molecule) or glycerol and three fatty acids or ester Tissue Cells with common function (or with common structure) Tissue culture Cells grown on (or in) medium or cells grown outside organism Biosphere Part(s) of earth that supports life Ecosystem Organisms and their (interactions with) environment Habitat (Place) where a species (or an organism) lives Symbiosis Relationship between (different) species in which at least one benefits Biotic factor Living (organism’s influence on another organism) Food Web Interconnected food chains or more than one species at each trophic level Fauna Animals Hypothesis Educated guess or (possible) explanation Tropism Growth of a plant in response to a stimulus Plant growth regulator Controls the growth (of a plant) Transcription making of (m)RNA using DNA (template) Translation making a protein using (m)RNA (code) Haploid (A nucleus having) one set of chromosomes (or one copy of each chromosome) Diploid (A nucleus having) Two sets of chromosomes (or two copies of each chromosome) Homozygous alleles the same Heterozygous alleles different Genotype genetic make-up or genes (alleles) present Phenotype expression of genotype (and environment) or physical make up Segregation only one (member) of a pair of alleles (or chromosomes) enters a gamete Independent assortment. Either member of a pair of alleles (or chromosomes) can combine (or transmit) with either member of another pair (in gamete formation) Reflex action automatic / response to a stimulus / involuntary (or not controlled by brain) (The) term is used to describe the glands that secrete hormones in the human body? Endocrine (or ductless) Fertilisation Fusion of gametes or formation of zygote Dormancy of seeds Period of reduced metabolism (or period of reduced activity) or period of no growth. Biological (or protein) catalyst (or explained) An enzyme The specificity of an enzyme? (Enzyme) acts on only a particular substrate Immobilisation[of enzymes] (Enzyme) attached to an inert substance (or example of inert substance) or fixed to each other Bioreactor vessel in which products are made by cells (or organisms) Selective permeability.[ In relation to membranes in cells] Allowing some substances to pass through Diffusion Movement of molecules (or substances) from area of high concentration to area of low concentration (or along a concentration gradient) Semen Sperm (cells) and (seminal) fluid 2010 SEC Definition-style Questions ORDINARY Level Paper: Term Acceptable response per marking scheme Dominant The allele expressed in the heterozygous condition Gamete A sex cell Gene A part of DNA with information to make one protein Mutation A change in the structure of DNA Genotype The genetic make-up of an individual Genetics The study of biological inheritance DNA profiling Analysing or examining a person’s DNA (to compare patterns with others) or getting or providing, patterns or bands pH. (A measure of) how acidic or alkaline a solution is [allow ‘neutral or not’] Organ A group of tissues (working together) Ecosystem Organisms/interacting/in their environment Habitat The place where an organism lives Niche The (functional) role (of an organism) or ‘occupation’ (of an organism) Trophic level Feeding (level) Pollution Harmful addition to an ecosystem Conservation Management of ecosystems Metabolism (The sum of all) the chemical reactions (in an organism) or catabolism + anabolism ‘Balanced’ diet? (One which contains) all the food types/in correct or suitable or optimum proportions Autotrophic nutrition Food synthesised from simple molecules or produces own food Heterotrophic nutrition Already synthesised food consumed from other organisms or food from other source Digestion The breaking down of food Peristalsis (Muscular) contractions/in the walls of the alimentary canal/to move food Embryo (part of seed that) becomes the new plant Dispersal Spreading of seeds. Fertilisation Fusion of gametes or formation of zygote Germination The growth of an embryo into a plant? Antagonistic pair (in reference to muscles) (Two) muscles that work in opposition to each other