Download Marine Science / Study Guide for the Final!!! If there is a statement

Marine Science / Study Guide for the Final!!! If there is a statement instead of a question, please study
that statement.
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How do sponges feed?
What type of symmetry do Cnidarians have?
Compare density and composition of oceanic and continental crust.
What is Pangea?
What was the first 100% scientific ocean voyage?
Chronological order of exploration: Europeans, Polynesians, and Scandinavians.
Was Captain Cook the first European to explore the South Pacific?
What were some contributions of Chinese to voyaging?
What is the name of the outermost solid layer of the Earth?
What are some facts that support plate tectonics?
What causes the plates to move?
What forms when plates collide? Do earthquakes occur at these sites?
Where are the youngest seafloor rocks? What are they made of?
What is magnetic striping of the seafloor? It is evidence of seafloor spreading and ______.
What happens at subduction zones?
Who is Alfred Wegener?
How fast do most lithospheric plates move?
Where is the continental slope and rise?
Where are active continental margins in the Americas?
Which is greater the average height of the continents or the average depth of the ocean?
Hydrogen bonds cause what characteristics of water?
How do bugs walk on water?
How does the specific heat of water impact oceanic temperature changes?
What properties of water are stratified in the ocean?
If water is cold and very salty, does it have low or high density?
How does the ocean affect weather patterns?
Which colors of light penetrates the deepest in the ocean?
What is a halocline? Thermocline?
What is the photic zone? How deep is it?
Does sound travel faster or slower in water?
What is the average salinity of the ocean?
The most abundant salt ions in the ocean are ____.
Define salinity.
What process produces oxygen in water?
Does cold or hot water hold more oxygen?
How do refractometers measure salinity?
In order to survive, all organisms must have a source of ____________.
Define plankton, phytoplankton, zooplankton, diatom, and dinoflagellate(can be
bioluminescent---cause red tides).
39. What system do echinoderms use to move their tube feet?
40. Most successful phylum on Earth in terms of numbers of different species.
41. Exoskeleton of chitin, articulated appendages, striated muscle, and a valved heart are
characteristics of Phylum _______________.
42. Which vertebrate group is the most ancient?
43. Sharks, rays and skates are in class ___________.
44. Bony fish are in class ____________.
45. Marine fish _________ seawater, and __________ salt from the gills.
46. What is countercurrent flow?
47. Why are there no marine amphibians? Draw a picture to elucidate your point.
48. Whales are in Class _________.
49. What characteristics do all Cetacea possess?
50. Suborder Ondontoceti have ___________; Suborder Mysticeti have ___________.
51. Most sharks are not dangerous to humans.
52. Sonar is used by the ________ whales.
53. The largest whale is the _________.
54. Fast swimmers have a __________ shape.
55. Lateral lines of fish detect ____________.
56. Draw me a picture explaining the relative amounts of salts in a fish versus the ocean.
57. Example of an elongate fish.
58. Example of a laterally compressed fish.
59. Function of the swim bladder.
60. Chromatophores vs. iridophores.
61. Pelvic fins help the fish __________.
62. Which phyla have radial vs. bilateral symmetry.
63. Molting?
64. Which arthropods have two pairs of antennae?
65. Echinoderms have a __________ vascular system.
66. Barnacles stick __________ out of shell to feed.
67. Pathway of water in a seastar.
68. Sea cucumbers are in phylum _________.
69. ________ have book gills.
70. What causes horseshoe crabs to have blue blood?
71. What has caused horseshoe crab populations to decrease over the past 150 years?
72. How is horseshoe crab blood used commercially?
73. How do male fiddler crabs attract mates?
74. These worms have parapodia.
75. What is the golden ratio and which animals have it?
76. Which worms have a proboscis?
77. How are male and female horseshoe crabs different?
78. What mathematical sequence is derived from the golden ratio?
79. The oyster is a mollusk and is in class _______________.
80. What is a mantle and which organisms have these?
81. What do squid use to locomote?
82. Examples of Cnidarians from each class are:
83. What are the chordate characteristics?
84. What are some characteristics of Class Chondrichthyes?
85. Which organisms produce 80% of the oxygen in the world and most of the glucose?
86. Most boney fish eggs are fertilized ________.
87. Characteristics of mammals.
88. ROV vs. AUV?
89. Largest oceanic plate?
90. What is the spiral valve?
91. Most productive ecosystem on earth?
92. How does the deep-sea angler attract fish?
93. Ctenophores do not have ________________; Cnidarians do have these structures.
94. Sponges have no _______ and are at the ___________ level of organization.
95. Rugae?
96. Steps of the scientific method
97. Submersible used to discover Titanic
98. Advantages of scuba vs submersibles?
99. Characteristics of dolphins vs. porpoises
100.
Orcas can sustain long dives by….
101.
Features of humpbacks?
102.
Oviparous, viviparous, and ovoviviparous
103.
“mudding”?
104.
During El Nino the Peru current stops, upwelling stops, and rainfall increases along the
Pacific coast.
105.
Cetacean with a tusk?
106.
Dioecious?
107.
Three different types of reefs?
108.
Copepods are ______plankton.
109.
Which culture is credited with describing the spherical shape of the Earth first?
110.
The first voyage in the ocean away from land was by _____________?
111.
The chronometer made it possible to calculate ____________.
112.
Woods Hole is a national oceanographic institute; this is type of where oceanographic
___________ takes place.
113.
What is Matthew Maury’s contribution to ocean science?
114.
Darwin developed the theory of ____________.
115.
% of Earth covered by water?
116.
Gyre?
117.
Immediate source of most energy for ocean currents is___________; the __________ is
the ultimate source of this energy.
118.
The Coriolis effect causes currents to curve around the Earth.
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Which way do currents move in the northern hemisphere?
120.
West Wind Drift?
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Britain’s weather is ____________ because of currents.
122.
Largest geological features on the planet?
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Octopus is in phylum _______________.
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Snails are in phylum ______________________.
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Lobsters are in phylum __________.
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Polyps and medusa are characteristics of members of phylum _____________.
127.
Tunicates are in phylum _________________.
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Flatworms are in phylum ______________________.
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The core of the Earth is primarily ____________.
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Define biome; niche?
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Next to coral reefs, ____________ are the most productive ecosystems in the ocean.
132.
What is brackish water?
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Where do minerals/salts originate in the ocean?
134.
We measure salinity with a ____________.
135.
How many millions of years ago did whales evolve?
136.
What organism is the closest relative to the Cetaceans?
137.
Humpbacks have a special feeding called ____________.
138.
Rorquals’ favorite food is _____________.
139.
Why are there no marine amphibians?
140.
Do marine turtles retract their heads into their shells?
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Are all sea snakes venomous?
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How do marine birds extract salt from their systems?
143.
Cetacea, Pinnipedia, and Sirenia are all in Class ____________.
144.
Sea Lions are in Order _________________.
145.
True or false: most sharks are dangerous to humans.
146.
What is the order of the manatee?
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Birds are in Class _______.
148.
All mammals have what characteristics? (Use homeothermic for warm-blooded!)
149.
What are the differences between biogenous, terrigenous, and cosmogenous
sediments?
Extended Response:
Protostomes/Deuterostomes
Cephalopod chart
Zooxanthellae and corals
Oviparous, viviparous, ovoviviparous
Transient/residential orcas
Vertebrate hearts
Specific Heat of Oceans and it’s affect on our weather.