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Characteristics of the Marine Biome • cover 71% of the Earth’s Surface. • Some places of the ocean floor are deeper than Mt. Everest is high. • 96.5% of the ocean is pure water • 3.5% is dissolved compounds that typically runoff from rivers or rainwater. Factors Effecting the Composition of Marine Waters • Air – The levels of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the water are greatly effected by the air • Rivers and Runoff from Land – add minerals and sediment • Disasters – Hurricanes, typhoons, and cyclones weather and erode the coastal regions washing sediments into the ocean – Human activities Components of the Marine Biome • Abiotic (nonliving) – Water – Sunlight/darkness – Minerals – Dissolved gases • Biotic (living) – Producers – Consumers – Decomposers Aphotic Zone Levels of Light in the Ocean • Photic zone – Light fills the water at this level • Twilight zone • Aphotic zone – Depths where no sunlight exists (Click image) – Transition zone between light and absolute darkness Primary Consumers • Eat the producers herbivores – Sea urchins – eat kelp – Sea butterflies – feed on phytoplankton – Parrot fish – eat algae Secondary Consumers • Eat the primary consumers – carnivores or omnivores – Jelly fish – eat small fish – Clown fish – eat small invertebrates – Sea otters – eat sea urchins Tertiary Consumers • Eat the secondary consumers – Polar bears – eat seals, walrus, and beluga whales – Great White sharks – eat dolphins, sharks, whales, sea lions, sea turtles and sea birds – Bull sharks – eat dolphins, rays, sea turtles and sea birds Decomposers • Filter Feeders – remove dead materials floating in the water – Ex. Tube worms and anemones • Bottom Feeders – break down dead materials that has made its way to the ocean floor – Ex. Sea Cucumbers and Star Fish Flow of Energy in the Ocean Sun or Deep Sea Vent Producers Primary Consumers Secondary Consumers Tertiary Consumers Flow of Matter and Energy in the Ocean