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Mitochondria Evidence Summary Page Study 1: They picked three species of birds because these three species of birds fly different amounts: Ducks, Pigeons, and Chickens. Conclusion: They birds that fly the most have the most mitochondria in their chest muscles. The mitochondria give the muscles energy. Study 2: Scientist measured the amount of mitochondria in rats that exercised 120 minutes a day, 10 minutes a day, and those that did not exercise at all. Conclusion: The rats that exercised 120 minutes a day had the most mitochondria per gram of gram of muscle. Exercised for 120 minutes a day Amount of mitochondria 4.67 mg per gram of muscle Average weight 353 grams Exercised for 10 minutes a day 4.21 mg per gram of muscle 367 grams Did not exercise at all 2.97 mg per gram of muscle 348 grams _____________________________________________________________________________ Cellular Respiration Occurs in the Mitochondria: C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + glucose oxygen carbon dioxide H2O + water ENERGY Photosynthesis occurs in the Chloroplasts: ENERGY + H2O + light carbon dioxide water CO2 C6H12O6 glucose + O2 oxygen Nucleus Model and Evidence Summary Sheet INSTRUCTIONS MODEL The nucleus gives instructions to make cell structures. It works like this: The nucleus is a Each gene gives instructions to The chemical structures the cell to make particular do things in the cell. membrane with strands of DNA inside. chemical structures. Each strand of DNA is a Different genes give instructions sequence of genes. A to make different chemical gene is a small bit of structures. DNA. Evidence #1. Diabetes. When there is a mutation in the DRB gene, patients cannot produce insulin. Conclusion: Most people with diabetes had: mutated DRB gene and no DRB proteins in cells. (80%) Most healthy people had: normal DRB gene and normal DRB protein in cells. (90%) Patients with type 1 diabetes Patients without diabetes Patient DRB gene DRB protein Patient DRB gene DRB protein 1 Mutated No protein 1 Normal Normal 2 Mutated No protein 2 Normal Normal 3 Normal Normal 3 Normal Normal 4 Mutated No protein 4 Mutated No protein 5 Mutated No protein 5 Normal Normal 6 Mutated No protein 6 Normal Normal 7 Mutated No protein 7 Normal Normal 8 Normal Normal 8 Normal Normal 9 Mutated No protein 9 Normal Normal 10 Mutated No protein 10 Normal Normal Evidence #2. Glow in the dark cat evidence. The gene for a glowing protein was put into cats and the cats produced the protein, so they glowed. Conclusion: GFP gene put into cat cells. GFP gene gives instructions to make GFP protein in cat cells. The GFP protein in the cell makes the cats glow. Evidence #3. I NEED HELP WEBSITE. The nucleus is like the brain of the cell. Conclusion: The nucleus is like the brain (control center) of the cell. DNA is found in the nucleus, and gives orders to the various cell structures of the cell on what to do. The cell structures do as they are told by the DNA. Chloroplast Evidence Summary Page Evidence #1 : A scientist separated the chloroplasts from Spinach leaves to see if the chloroplasts could produce chemicals. He put each of 50 tubes in the dark for 4 minutes, then the light for 4 minutes, and repeated this. He found that the levels of glucose increased in the light. Conclusion: When chloroplasts were in the light, the amount of glucose around the chloroplast got bigger. _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Evidence #2 : Find the chloroplasts. After testing many organisms which of them have chloroplasts in their cells? You Found MANY Chloroplasts!! Conclusion: Plants have many chloroplasts in their cells especially the green parts of plants. The flower and trunk has a few chloroplasts. NO ANIMAL cells had chloroplasts. BACK Evidence #3: 25 g of chloroplasts are placed in jars with a carbon dioxide and oxygen meter, and sealed with lids. One jar was placed in the light for 30 minutes and the other jar was placed in the dark for 30 minutes. The level of carbon dioxide and oxygen changed in the jar that was placed in the light. No change was observed in the levels of carbon dioxide or oxygen in the jar placed in the dark. Conclusion: When in the light, the chloroplasts change CO2 (carbon dioxide) into O2 (oxygen), because the jars were sealed.