Download Disorders - Tipp City Schools

Disorders
Mood Disorders
• Moderate to Severe mental disorders
characterized by uncontrollable extremes in
moods – depression and elation
• Common Characteristics:
– Onset usually sudden
– Key factor in most suicides and suicide attempts
– Frequently occur in cycles – every 1 to 3 years
– Women more than men 2:1
Major Depression
• Severe manifestation of at least four of the
depressive symptoms present everyday for at
least two weeks
• Symptoms make it extremely difficult or
impossible to function in a normal routine
• May involve mood-congruent delusions or
hallucinations (personal inadequacy, guilt,
deserved punishment, etc.)
• May involve mood-incongruent delusions
(thought control, etc.)
Bipolar Disorder (Manic-Depressive)
• Episodes of both severe depression and mania
• Symptoms may be intermixed or alternating
every few days (depressive symptoms
dominate)
• May also involve mood-congruent or moodincongruent delusions
Somatoform Disorders
• Somatization – expression of psychological
distress through physical symptoms
Conversion Disorder
• Experience a change in or loss of physical
functioning in a major part of the body
(paralysis)
• Complicated – many show no concern about
the condition even if symptoms are serious
• VERY RARE
Hypochondriasis
• Unhealthy fear of having a serious disease
• Become absorbed by minor physical symptoms
and sensations
• Convinced symptoms indicate serious illness
• Maintain belief even when reassured by doctors
• Some visit many doctors to get more opinions
• When a kid, never learned better ways of getting
attention
• IE. Slight headache = I have brain cancer
Psychotic disorders
Schizophrenia
• Schizophrenia – a group of mental disorders
characterized by disturbances in thinking, mood,
and behavior
• About 1% of total population and it is higher in
males
• Treatment – anti-psychotic drugs
• Causes – unknown, but research suggests
neurological dysfunction in cortex
• General symptoms – delusions, illogical thinking,
illusions, negativism, automation, hallucinations,
etc.
Catatonic Schizophrenia
• Periods of excitement and stress
• Frequently precipitated by some traumatic
experience
• Catatonic excitement: scream, hallucinations,
frenzied activity
• Catatonic stupor: become mute, stare blankly,
refuse to eat or keep clean, and may lose
consciousness
Disorganized Schizophrenia
• Severe personality disintegration, worst of all
types
• Lose touch with reality, become disoriented,
incoherent
• Frequently regress to silly childish behavior
• Bizarre delusions
• Hallucinations
Paranoid Schizophrenia
• Most common type (about half of all cases)
• Absurd, bizarre, illogical delusions of
persecution and grandeur
• Bizarre hallucinations, usually threatening
• May experience periods of irritability and
episodes of rage against imagined enemies
• Tends to develop later than other types (2040) after history of mistrust and suspicion
Childhood Disorders
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ADHD
Autism
Dissociative Amnesia
Dissociative Fugue
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Tourette’s
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder (ADHD)
• Most commonly diagnosed and misdiagnosed
disorder in American kids
• Trouble focusing on task at hand
• May be easily distracted and frustrated
• Impulsive behavior
• Constantly moving and restless
• Noticeable at age 3 and 4
• How to help: structure their day, minimize
distractions, shorter segments with breaks
Autism
• Childhood schizophrenia
• Failure to develop normal communication
patterns, social interactions, and emotional
responses
• Problems usually severe and appear early in life
• Five times more common in males
• Need “sameness” in environment
• Few have normal speech
Asperger’s
• Usually normal intelligence, near-normal
language development
• Symptoms: trouble communicating; eccentric and
repetitive behaviors, unusual preoccupations
rituals, communication issues (no eye contact,
don’t understand body language); limited
interests but obsessed with what they do like;
coordination problems; skilled/talented in music
and/or math
• More common than Autism and more common in
boys
Dissociative Disorders
• Extremely rare
• Disconnect certain events and behaviors from
one another
• Normal in everyone to some degree
Dissociative Amnesia
• Know how to speak/some general knowledge
• Witnessed a traumatic event and memories
related to the trauma disappear/cut from
consciousness
• Can be caused by high fever, blow to the head
• Issues: little concern over the missing
information
Dissociative Fugue
• Days to Decades (traveling amnesia)
• Extensive, complicated type of amnesia
• Disconnects all of current life from awareness
moves somewhere else, starts over, takes on
new identity
• More common in men because of
unresolved/serious conflict with spouse
• Temporary, but typically can’t remember what
happened during fugue state
Dissociative Identity Disorder
• Multiple personality disorder
• Forget portion of themselves and that portion
takes on a life of it’s own
• Often confused with Schizophrenia
• Behaviors so exaggerated that they become
independent of one another
• Usually includes a haunted, confused personality
• Cause: traumatic events or child abuse
Tourette’s
Personality Disorders
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Paranoid Personality Disorder
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Schizoid Personality Disorder
Borderline Personality Disorder
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Avoidant Personality Disorder
Paranoid Personality Disorder
• Tendency to interpret other people’s behavior
as threatening or demeaning
• Mistrustful of others
• Hard for them to have relationships with
others
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
• Peculiarities of thought, perception or
behavior
– Excessive fantasy
– Suspiciousness
– Feelings of being unreal
– Odd use of words
• No complex delusions, no hallucinations, no
unusual motor activities
Schizoid Personality Disorder
• Indifference to relationships and flat
emotional response
• Consider “loners”
• Do not develop warm feelings
• Can have job, but need limited social
interaction
• No hallucinations
Borderline Personality Disorder
• Instability in relationships, self-image, mood,
and lack of impulse
• Uncertain in values, goals, loyalties, careers
• Feelings of emptiness and boredom
• Clinging and demanding in social relationships
Antisocial Personality Disorder
• Superficial charm and are at least average in
intelligence
• Do not form strong bonds with other people
• Often heavily punished by parents and
rejected by peers
• More common in men than women
Avoidant Personality Disorder
• Unwilling to enter a relationship without some
assurance of acceptance
• Fear rejection and criticism
• Few close relationships outside of families
• Have feelings of warmth towards other people
Impulse-Control Disorders
• Impulse-Control Disorder
• Kleptomania
• Intermittent Explosive Disorder
Impulse-Control Disorder
• Cannot resist the urge to do something
harmful to themselves or others
• Perpetuation of repeated negative behaviors
regardless of negative consequences
• Examples: hair pulling, stealing, fire setting,
gambling
Kleptomania
• Uncontrollable and repetitive impulse to steal
and hoard items of minor value
• Aware that it is wrong to steal, but can not
stop
Intermittent Explosive Disorder
• Repeated, sudden, and persistent temper
tantrums that are out of proportion from the
situation at hand
• Characteristics: violence, aggression, rage,
verbal outbursts, threats, irritability, anger
• Symptoms: chest pain, heart palpitations,
racing thoughts
Possible Treatment
• Behavior Therapy – systemic application of the principles of
learning to the direct modification of a client’s problem behaviors
(conditioning and observational learning)
• Systemic desensitization – reducing fears by associating images of
fear-evoking stimuli with muscle relaxation (for phobias)
• Modeling – individuals observe then imitate people who approach
and cope with situations
• Aversive Conditioning – undesired responses are inhibited by paring
offensive stimuli with the unwanted impulses
• Cognitive Theory – individuals ‘ beliefs and attitudes are modified
to relieve distress and promote adaptive behavior
• Psychotherapy – psychologists help you work through your
problems
• Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) – treatment of disorders by passing
electric current through the head
• Medications varies upon the disorder; ie. Antidepressants