Download Endocrine System

Endocrine System
Alterations
Homeostatic Controls
Endocrine Glands & Hormones
Endocrine Problem Overview
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Hypothalamic Regulation
Hyper- / Hypo- secretion
of hormones
Antibodies against
hormone
Receptor changes or
blockage
Signal Transduction
problems
Cell Signaling
Signal Transduction Overview
Receptor Location
Summary
Cellular Actions
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Synthesis
Contraction and
Relaxation of muscles
Secretion
Cell permeability changes
DNA transcription
Phosphorylate to activate
enzymes
Protein synthesis
Feed Back Loops
Ultra Short
 Short
 Long
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Fate of Hormones
Deactivated
 Secreted
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Hypothalamus
Hypothalamic Nuclei
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Supraoptic
Preoptic
Paraventricular
Ventromedial
Dorsomedial
Mammillary
Arcuate (Infundibular)
Hypothalamus & Pituitary Gland
Direct Neural Regulation of PP
Store
Release
Hypophyseal Portal System
Hypothalamic Control over AP
Hypothalamic Control for AP
H-Hormone
AP - H
Target
Effects
GHRH; IH
GnRH
GnRH
TRH
CRH
PRH
PIH
? MRH
GH
FSH
LH
TSH
ACTH
PRL
M/Sk; cells
Gonads
Gonads
Thyroid
Adrenal C
Mammary
Gland
Growth and repair
MSH
Gamete
Hormone
T3; T4
Corticocoids
Milk
production
Melanocyte melanin
Pituitary Anatomy
Pituitary Hormones
Posterior Pituitary: ADH problems
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DI
 Decrease
ADH
 Central Diabetes
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ISADH
 Increase
 Tumor
ADH
Panhypopituitarism
Pituitary Adenoma
Pituitary Tumor View and Surgery
Pineal Gland Location
Brain Sand in Pineal Gland
Brain Sand:
Calcium, Magnesium, Silicon
Melatonin Synthesis
Melatonin Stimulus
Melatonin Function
OTC Hormones
Hormone Integration
Pineal Gland Tumor
GH: Hypersecretion
Dwarfism
Three Types
Achondrodysplasia
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Autosomal dominant
(primarily from older men
> 35 years old)
Two copies are fatal
Gene 3 Fibroblast Growth
Factor point mutation
Abnormal Cartilage
production
Short Bones
Skeletal radiograph to
confirm
MOPD: Primordial Dwarfism
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Microcephalic
Osteodysplasia
Fetal Development
Maximum: 3 ft tall
Proportional dwarf
Brain Aneurysms
occur
Thyroid and Parathyroid
Thyroid Gross Anatomy
Thyroid Hormone Control and Problems
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Thyrotoxicosis
Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Graves Disease
Autoimmune
Tumors
 Carcinoma
 Adenoma
Thyroid Scans
Thyroid Histology
Thyroid Hormone Formation
Thyroid Hormone Regulation
Thyroid Hormone Target / Action
Thyroid Problems
Hypothyroidism
Iodine Deficiency
Cretinism
Myxedema
Secondary Hypothyroidism
Goiter
Testing for Hypothyroidism
Graves Disease
Auto AB: Graves Disease
Hashimoto’s Disease
Hashimoto’s Thyroditis
Graves vs. Hasimoto
Thyroid Hyperplasia
Thyroid Cancers
Thyroid “C” Cells
C cell carcinoma
Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Thyroid Tumors
Thyroid Follicular Adenoma
Thyroid Follicular Carcinoma
Thyroid Nodule
Flow Chart
Parathyroid Location
Parathyroid Gross Anatomy
Thyroid - Parathyroid
Parathyroid Histology
Calcium Regulation
Primary and Secondary
Hyperparathyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism effects
Parathyroid Hyperplasia
Parathyroid Adenoma
Parathyroidectomy
Adrenal gland Location
Adrenal Gland Gross Anatomy
Adrenal Gland Specimens
Adrenal Gland Histology
Adrenal Gland Divisions (Histo)
Adrenal Hormones
Zona Glomerulosa
Hypoadrenocorticism
Addison’s Disease
Zona Fasiculata; Zona Reticularis
Cushings
Adrenal Gland Atrophy
Sympathetic NS: Adrenal Medulla
Adrenal Medulla
Pheochromocytoma
Adrenal Adenoma
Other Adrenal Tumors
carcinoma
paraganglioma
ALD
Decreased cholesterol conversion to steroids
Myelin Degeneration
Treatment: Lorenzo’s Oil
Pancreas Gross Anatomy
Pancreas Histology: Islets
DM
Blood Sugar
DM: Type 1
DM: Type 2
DM Sequella
Gestational Diabetes
DM sequella
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Uncontrolled DM
Insulinoma
Acinar Pancreas
Pancreatic Tumors
Treatment
Questions?