Download 12th Grade, Ch. 9, Sec. 3, Notes

Chapter 9 Section 3
Europeans Look Outward
The World in 1050
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Civilizations were thriving.
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Islam
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India and China
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Mathematics and technology.
Byzantine Empire
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Trade, Ideas
Prosperous and united.
Seljuk Turks
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Invaded the Byzantine Empire
By 1071 controlled most Byzantine lands, Palestine and Holy
Lands
Attacked Christian pilgrims.
The Crusades
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Pope Urban II
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Sent aid to fight the Turks.
Called for a crusade to free the holy land.
? What would motivate someone to fight in a
holy war?
 Knights joined
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Believed that their sins would be repented.
Inspired by religious leaders.
Win wealth and lands
Escape trouble
Pope Urban II
Victories and Defeats
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First Crusade
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Third Crusade
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Crusaders capture Constantinople
Children’s Crusade
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Muslims recaptured Jerusalem
1187 by Islamic leader Saladin
Fourth Crusade
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Christians captured the city of Jerusalem and slaughtered many
Jews and Muslims.
30000 children, never made it to the holy lands
Died or sold into slavery
The crusades continued for 200 years (9 total)
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Reasons
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Free Holy Lands
Wealth (Trade Routes)
Power
Richard vs. Saladin
Jerusalem
? What is Jerusalem? Why is it so important to
religions?
 Muslims consider Jerusalem sacred because
that is where Muhammad ascended to
heaven.
 Christians consider Jerusalem sacred
because that is where Jesus was crucified
and then resurrected.
 Jews consider Jerusalem sacred because
David originally made it a holy city and the
Temple of Solomon was located there.
Effects of the Crusades on Europe
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Christians and Muslims become bitter enemies.
Increased trade, cultural diffusion, and the
growth of a money economy.
Monarchs increase power.
Exploration
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Marco Polo, a European explorer, brought back
stories and wonders of eastern civilizations.
Desire to trade with the east.
Marco Polo
The Reconquista in Spain
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Spain
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Muslim/Christian rivalry
Christians
Re-conquer Spain
 Expel Muslims
 Heavy Muslim influence remained
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? What are the positives/consequences of
expelling the Muslims from Spain?
Ferdinand and Isabella
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Ferdinand of Aragon married Isabella of Castile.
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Pushed Muslims out of Spain.
Bloody crusade against Jews and Muslims
1500 AD
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Religious unity was achieved
150,000 skilled artisans and merchants had fled.
Isabella