Download NotesMacromolecules

Biology
2.3 & 2.4 Notes
Name___________________
Date__________Hour______
Macromolecules
Organic Compounds
Organic compounds are compounds which contain the element ______________ (except ________).
Carbon can make _______ covalent bonds. This allows carbon to link together in large organic
molecules.
There are 4 categories of organic compounds in living things:
1. ________________________
2. ________________________
3. ________________________
4. ________________________
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates contain the elements ________________, _________________, and
____________________. They almost always have the elements ______________ and
______________ in a ratio of _______________.
The monomer building blocks of carbohydrates are called _______________________.
____________________ means “one/single sugar”
Ex. ________________________
____________________ means “two sugars”
Ex. ________________________
____________________ means “many sugars”
Ex. ________________________
You can identify sugars by the -__________ at the end of their name. Ex.______________________
Monomers
Saccharides
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
Disaccharides
Sucrose (table sugar, candy) = glucose + fructose
Lactose (found in milk) = glucose + galactose
Polymer
Polysaccharides
Starch = chains of many glucose
Cellulose = multiple glucose chains linked
Glycogen = branched chains of glucose
1. List at least two foods you eat that contain carbohydrates.
2. List the monomer building block in each disaccharide or polysaccharide you eat.
3. List a common source for each polysaccharide above.
Break Down of Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates contain lots of quick energy. The energy is stored in the covalent bonds. To release
this energy, carbohydrates must be broken down. Carbohydrates are broken down in a process
called ___________________. (_________ meaning water and __________ meaning to break apart)
Water is able to break these bonds during hydrolysis placing –H on one end of the break and an –OH
on the other end of the broken chain resulting in individual sugars.
Building of Carbohydrates
The exact opposite occurs when linking two or more monosaccharides together. Carbohydrates are
built in a process called _____________________________________. (________________ meaning
to remove water and __________________ meaning to put together)
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Lipids
Lipids, also called fats, contain the elements ________________, _________________, and
____________________. There are two main types of fats: ______________________ and
_________________________.
Property
Contains double
bonds (yes or no)
Saturated Fat
Unsaturated
Phase at room
temperature
Spacing of molecules
Examples
What is a trans fat?
What are some functions of fat?
One type of fat is called a _____________________________, (_______ meaning three and
____________________ meaning attached to glycerol). A triglyceride is made by attaching three
_________________________ to a glycerol molecule. The fatty acids are attached by the process of
_____________________________________. Fats are broken down by
______________________.
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Lipids
Monomer
Glycerol
Fatty acids
Polymer
Saturated fat = glycerol + fatty acids
Unsaturated fat = glycerol + fatty acids
Phospholipid =glycerol + fatty acids + phosphate
1. List two items that you eat that contain fat.
2. Explain if the fat was a solid (ex. butter) or a liquid (olive oil) at room temperature.
3. List the names of the types of monomers that join together to form a molecule of fat.
Proteins
Proteins contain the elements ________________, _________________, ________________ and
____________________. Examples of sources of protein are ______________________________
________________________________________________________________________________.
A special type of protein that is used to speed up chemical reactions in the cell are ______________.
Enzymes act by lowering the __________________________________. The monomer building
blocks of protein are _______________________, which are also called ___________________.
____________________ means one amino acid
____________________ means two amino acids
____________________ means many amino acids
Amino acids are linked together by ______________________________ and broken apart by
____________________.
Draw an example of a protein being made.
Draw an example of protein being broken down.
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Monomer
Amino Acids - 20 different kinds of molecules
Polymers
Proteins: Structural proteins & enzymes
Insulin: regulates absorption of blood
sugar
Catalase: regulates the breakdown of
cellular waste
Amylase: begins the hydrolysis of starch
molecules
Lactase: begins the hydrolysis of lactose
1. List at least two foods you eat that contain protein.
2. List the type of monomer that forms each protein molecule.