Download All Roads lead to Rome - Lyons-AP

50,000 miles from Britannia to
Tigris-Euphrates
The Geography of Rome
Italy in
750 BCE
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Strengths of Rome
Protected from Sea invasions (Geography)
Located in the on a place on the Tiber River that was a
crossing for all therefore it was located in the middle of
trade routes.
The Republic allowed for both flexibility and stability
 It allowed for input from all of the classes and it
changed with election instead of overthrowing the
government (Laws later become government)
Every adult male citizen was obligated to serve in the army.
Discipline was strict.
High morals acquired from the legions permeated
throughout the Republic (Legions)
After conquering a people the Romans shared
citizenship and thus political power with those conquered.
(Just application of the Laws and Language)
The ideals of the legion were passed on through the family
and the father known as the paterfamilias and their
control of the agricultural economy on their small farms.
 These farmers were also known as citizen-farmers.
Influence of the Etruscans
Writing
Religion
The Mythical Founding of Rome
Romulus & Remus
Republic Established 509 BCE
• Rape of Lucretia
• Etruscan Tarqin monarchs
overthrown
• Assembly of Tribes (35)
– 31 Rural Tribes
– 4 Urban Tribes
Republican Government
2 Consuls
(Rulers of Rome)
Senate
(Representative body for patricians)
Tribal Assembly
(Representative body for plebeians)
Compared
to US
Struggle of the Orders
• Patricians
• Plebeians
• Attempts to balance their power allows for the
creation of the
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patrician class attempting to hold onto power
plebeians trying to achieve social and political equality
patricians found could not to exist without the plebeians
plebeians produce the food and supply the labor that kept
the Roman economy going
– supplied the soldiers for the Roman military.
– If the plebeians could act as a group, they could effectively
shut down the Roman economy and military
– the latter was especially important since Rome was in
continual military conflict during the age of the Republic.
The Twelve Tables, 450 BCE
Providing political and social rights for the plebeians.
The Roman Forum
Rome’s Early Road System
The Apian Way
Roman Aqueducts
Circus Maximus
Carthaginian Empire
Hannibal’s Route
Reform Leaders
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
- the poor should be given grain
and small plots of free land.
Military Reformer
Gaius Marius
- recruited an army from the poor
and homeless.
- professional standing army.
Civil War & Dictators
Julius Caesar
Pompey
Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BCE
The Die is Cast!
The First Triumvirate
Julius Caesar
Becomes “First Counsul”
Never emperor
Seizes power
Defeats Crassus and
Pomey
Marcus Licinius Crassus
Gaius Magnus Pompey
Beware the Ides of March!
44 BCE
The Second Triumvirate
Octavian Augustus
First Emperor of Rome
Establishes the Roman
Imperial period
Marc Antony
Battle of Actium
Marcus Lepidus
Octavian Augustus:
Rome’s First Emperor
The First Roman Dynasty
Pax Romana: 27 BC – 180 AD
The Roman Coliseum
The Coliseum Interior
The Greatest Extent of the
Roman Empire – 14 AD
The Rise of Christianity
St. Paul:
Apostle to the Gentiles
The Spread of Christianity
Imperial Roman Road System
The Empire in Crisis: 3c
Diocletian Splits the
Empire in Two: 294 AD
Constantine: 312 - 337
Constantinople: The 2nd Rome
Founded in 330
Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5c
Attila the Hun:
“The Scourge of God”
Byzantium: Eastern Roman
Fall of Rome in the West - 1453
Hagia Sophia ca. 532-537
The Byzantine Empire
During the Reign of Justinian
Byzantine Emperor
Justinian
The Legacy of Rome
• Republic Government
• Roman Law
• Latin Language
•Roman Legions
• Roman Catholic Church
• City Planning
• Romanesque Architectural Style
• Roman Engineering
•Aqueducts
•Keystone block in the arch
•sewage systems
•Dams
•cement
Trades routes correlate with growth of cities