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Transcript
Name: ___________________________________________________________________ Period: ____________ Date: ____________ Greek Civilization Reading Guide 5.1: Mountains and the Sea Objective A: Geography Shapes Greek Life 1. In Ancient times, Greece was not a _____________ country. It was a collection of separate lands where Greek-speaking people lived. 2. Ancient Greece consisted mainly of a __________________________ peninsula jutting out into the Mediterranean Sea. It also included _________ islands in the Aegean and Ionian seas. 3. The sea shaped Greek civilization, and they became excellent ____________ and _______________. ___________ became important because Greece lacked many important natural _________________. 4. The mainland of Greece is about ______ covered with rugged _______________________, and only about _____ of the land is ____________. The climate however is mild and excellent for growing __________, __________, and raising ________________. Objective B: Mycenean Civilization Develops 5. Around ________ a group of Indo-Europeans from the Eurasian steppes settled the Greek mainland and became known as the ____________________. 6. Their capital city was called __________________, which was located in ____________________ Greece. It was a well-fortified city with a wall more than __________ thick. 7. Sometime after 1500 BC, the Myceneans began to trade with the __________________. They also borrowed aspects of their culture such as their _____________________________, __________________________________, ___________,______________ and _________________________. ____________________ civilization has its roots in these two civilizations. 8. During the 1200’s BC, the Myceneans fought a ten-year war against __________. According to legend, a Greek army ______________ and _________________ Troy because a Trojan prince had kidnapped ____________, the beautiful wife of a Greek king. Objective C: Greek Culture Declines Under the Dorian 9. Not long after the _________________, Mycenean civilization collapsed. Around 1200 BC, ______________________ attacked and burned many Mycenean cities. According to tradition, a new group of people, the __________________, moved into Greece. No __________________ exists from 1150-750 BC, so little is known about this period. 10. Without writing, Greeks told history through the ______________________. The greatest storyteller was a blind man named _____________ wrote the epic poems, the _________________ and the ___________________. 5.2: Warring City-States Objective A: Identify the different political systems that developed in the Greek city-states. 11. Define polis: 12. Recreate the chart on p. 128: Monarchy State ruled by Forms of Government Aristocracy Oligarchy State ruled by State ruled by Rule is Rule is Some rulers claim ____________________ and _______________ Democracy State ruled by Rule is based on Rule is based on Ruling group controls ____________________ ________________ decides vote support rulers’ authority Name: ___________________________________________________________________ Period: ____________ Date: ____________ Objective B: Athens Builds a Limited Democracy 13. Complete the chart. Three Important Reformers Draco (621 BC) - Draco developed a _________________ saying that all __________________were equal under the _________ - Draco’s code dealt very _____________ with criminals, making ___________ the punishment for practically every crime - Upheld _________ slavery Solon (594 BC) - No citizen should _________ another citizen, thereby outlawing _________ slavery - He organized all Athenian citizens into ______________________ according to _______________ - Only members of the top ______ classes could hold ____________________ office - All citizens, regardless of __________, could participate in the Athenian _______________ Cleisthenes (500 BC) - He organized citizens into _____ groups based on where they _________ - He allowed citizens to propose _________ and created the _____________ of _______ - Established the _________________ which was chosen at random - _________________________ was restricted to only free adult male property owners born in Athens Objective B: Sparta Builds a Military State 14. The city-state of Sparta was ___________________ and by by 725 BC, Sparta conquered the the neighboring region of ____________________ and forced their people to become their slaves, known as ________________. 15. A helot revolt caused the Spartans to become a ___________________________. From 600 until 371 BC they were the most powerful ___________ in Greece. 16. Complete the chart. Spartan Government Spartan Society Assembly- composed of Spartan _________________________, All males ages 7-60 were ___________________ _________________ officials and ___________ on major issues Focused on ______________, ______________________, and Council of Elders- __________________ citizens, proposed ___________________over _______________________, _____________ _______________________, and ___________________ Five Elected Officials- carried out the ___________ 2 Kings- controlled the _________________ Boys left home at age ____ and lived in barracks until age ____. They spent their days _________________, ______________, and _______________________. Spartan girls received some military training, and they also ______, ____________________, and played ___________________. Objective C: The Persian Wars 17. The PersianWars (490-479 BC) began as a revolt by the _____________________. and the Persian King __________ vowed revenge. 18. In 490 BC, a Persian fleet carried __________ men across the Aegan Sea and landed northeast of Athens on a plain called ___________. There, _________ Athenians, neatly arranged __________________, waited for them. The Greeks were vastly ________________, but more ____________________. After several hours, the Persians _________. The Persians lost more than ___________ men and Athenians less than _______. 19. A young Athenian runner named Pheidippides to raced __________ back to Athens to tell news of the victory. He delivered the message, “_______________________________________.” He then collapsed and died. Name: ___________________________________________________________________ Period: ____________ Date: ____________ 20. Ten years later in 480 BC, Darius the Great’s son and successor, ______________, assembled an enourmous invasion force. The Persians came to a narrow mountain pass at ____________________________ where __________ Greeks, including ________ Spartans, blocked their way. The Spartans held off the Persians for __________, but all were killed. 21. The Athenians waited for the Persians at sea in the strait near the island of ______________. Despite _______________ being burned, the Athenians sank _______ of the Persian navy at Salamis. They also won another land battle at ___________________. 22. The following year, several Greek city-states formed an alliance called the ____________________. This alliance eventually stopped the Persians and Greece entered into a ____________________________. 5.3: Democracy and Greece’s Golden Age Objective A: Identify three goals of Pericles. 23. The period from __________ to __________ BC often is called the Golden Age of _______________. 24. Pericles three goals were: a) ______________________________ b) ______________________________ c) ______________________________ 25. How did paying public officials strengthen Athenian democracy? Objective B: Describe Greek art and architecture. 26. Pericles used money from the Delian League to … 27. What was at the center of the Pericles’ plan to glorify Athens? 28. The Parthenon contained examples of Greek art that … 29. Complete the chart: Figures were: Main Idea: Greek sculptors wanted to portray ideal beauty Faces showed only Captured the grace of … _______________ Objective C: Summarize the work of Greek dramatists and historians. 30. The Greeks invented ____________________ and built the first ____________________ in the West. 31. The Greeks wrote two kinds of drama: ____________________ and _________________. 32. Herodotus’ book on the Persian Wars is considered … 33. Thucydides believed studying certain types of events and political situations would aid in … Objective D: Identify Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. 34. “Philosophers” means: Values of Name: ___________________________________________________________________ Period: ____________ Date: ____________ 35. Complete the chart: Greek Philosophers Socrates Plato Encouraged Greeks to question Person with the greatest __________ ____________________ and their and __________ would be chosen ____________________ ____________________ Forced people to think about their __________ and __________ Dominated philosophic thought in Europe Aristotle Came close to summarizing all ____________________ up to his time Most famous pupil was _______________ for nearly __________ years 5.4: Alexander’s Empire * See the map on p. 144. Between 334-323 BC, Alexander the Great led a Greek army to victory over the Persian Empire creating an empire which included Greece, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia, and India. 5.5: The Spread of Hellenistic Culture Objective A: Define Hellenistic culture. 36. As a result of Alexander’s policies, Greek culture blended with _______________, _______________, and _______________ influences; this became known as _______________ culture. 37. The Egyptian city of _______________ became the foremost center of commerce and Hellenistic culture; its greatest attractions were its famous _______________ and _______________. Objective B: Identify the achievements of Hellenistic scholars. 38. Until the _______________ and _______________ centuries, Alexandrian scholars provided most of the _______________ knowledge to the West. Ptolemy: 39. Complete the chart: Aristarchus: Euclid: Accomplishments of Hellenistic Thinkers Stoics: Epicureans: 40. Through _______________, Greek-style _______________, _______________, _______________, and _______________ became the core of Western civilization.