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Unit 6: Exploring Change-Retake Ticket Name Fill-In the Blank Vocabulary Assessment: Complete the following sentences with key vocabulary from Exploring Change in the word bank below. Each term is used once. Fossil Abiotic Biotic Relative age Selective Pressure 1. A organism’s remains that are preserved in layers of rock is a _________________.Studying several layers of rock with the organisms preserved in them helps scientists determine the _____________________________ of these preserved organisms. 2. are factors that influence and organism’s ability to survive and reproduce. Predation or competition over mates is _______________ , while climate is an environmental or abiotic _____________________________ . Matching Vocabulary Assessment: Match each of the following terms with the BEST answer and fill in the in the blank with the correct word. Not all words are used. Mutation Diversity Natural Selection Unity Adaptation Decent with modification 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Evolution Speciation Morphology Species Environment Genetic sequence _____The mechanism for evolution _____Similarities between living things demonstrate this concept _____Differences between living organisms demonstrate this concept _____Organisms pass on traits to offspring, but variation allows for change over time _____Organisms with similar characteristics that can interbreed _____Biological change across time, which occurs by natural selection _____Characteristics that help an organism survive and reproduce For the 4 words left out, write a sentence for each which explains how they connect to the concept of evolution. Highlight each word within the sentence. 10. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 11. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 12. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 13. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 1 Use the following information to help you answer questions 13-15. The horse family has a detailed evolutionary history in the fossil record. Some of the many fossil horses that have been found include miohippus (MIO), hipparian (HIP), and equus (EQU)(the modern horse). Look at the rock layers shown, and use that information to answer some questions about the horse fossils. 14. a. Which horse evolved first (lived the longest ago)? b. Which horse lived most recently? 15. Give the approximate date range for when each of the horses lived (in millions of years ago). a. MIO b. HIP c. EQU 16. Imagine a horse that is descended from MIO and is a common ancestor of both HIP and EQU. In which rock layers would you look for a fossil of this animal? a. Mark with an arrow where you think you would find the fossils on the rock layer diagram. b. Then explain below WHY you think you would find this fossil there. The earliest horses are thought to have lived in damp forests with very soft ground, and ate brush, much like deer do today. They had several toes on each foot, and were only a few feet tall. Later, horses lived in dry grassland climates where the ground was very hard. Over time, horses became much taller and developed hooves on their feet, and became grazers. 2 17. How would a scientist explain how horses changed from being small and having toes, to being tall and having hooves? Give a detailed explanation. Use the following words in your answer: natural selection, adaptation, selective pressure, and variation. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Answer the following questions as true or false. If the answer is FALSE, write a corrected statement on the line below. In either case, true or false, explain your reasoning 18. ___Evolution happens to populations, not individuals. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 19. ___Organisms can choose traits to modify through natural selection. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 20. ___Organisms try to evolve. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3 21. The following are lines of evidence that support the theory of evolution. Pick three and explain how they support evolution. a. Fossils b. Structural similarities c. Geographical distribution d. Embryological similarities e. Patterns of organism groupings f. Molecular similarities g. Direct observations in the lab and the wild _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 22. Read the following statement. Use what you have learned about natural selection and evolution to explain why you think the statement is an accurate or inaccurate description of how species change across time. Be sure to include all applicable vocabulary in your explanation for what is happening in this scenario “Elephants wanted longer trunks for reaching leaves, so they stretched and stretched their trunks until they got longer. They then passed on the longer trunks to their offspring.” _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 4 23. Examine the sample cladogram, each letter on the diagram points to a derived character, or something different (or newer) than what was seen in previous groups. Match the letter to its character. Note: this cladogram was created for simplicity and understanding, it does not represent the established phylogeny for insects and their relatives. 1. ______ Wings 2. ______ 6 Legs 3. ______ Segmented Body 4. ______ Double set of wings 5. ______ Cerci (abdomenal appendages) 6. ______ Crushing mouthparts 7. ______ Legs 8. ______ Curly Antennae 24. Describe the stratigraphic column to the 5 Use the following words to fill in the blanks primitive traits, derived traits, common ancestor, shared traits, related All of these organisms on this cladogram have a ________________ which lived before the organisms on the cladogram. This organism, not shown, had __________________ that all of the organisms on the cladogram share. The organism at the bottom of the cladogram has the least number of __________________ and is the oldest organism. The most closely ____________ organisms branch off a common branch, e.g. at D and E. The organisms at the top of the cladogram have the greatest number of _______________________. right. Write about the historical events that took place. Include what the rock and fossil record shows from bottom to top. ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ 6