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Focus:
Judaism
Hear, Oh Israel, the
LORD our God, the
Lord is One.
Major Ideas
-ethical monotheism
*the Ten Commandments
Major Ideas
-ethical monotheism
-covenant
Major Ideas
-ethical monotheism
-covenant
-The Land
Major Persons
-Abraham
Major Persons
-Abraham
-The Patriarchs
Major Persons
-Abraham
-The Patriarchs
-Moses
Major Persons
-Abraham
-The Patriarchs
-Moses
-The Prophets
Major Persons
-Abraham
-The Patriarchs
-Moses
-The Prophets
-The Kings
David
Major Events:
2100 BC (BCE)
The Call of Abram
(Abraham)
The Exodus
Circa1200 BCE
The United Kingdom
1000 BC
David rules from
Jerusalem
960-925
Solomon rules Israel;
builds the Temple
The Divided Kingdom
Judah vs. Israel
Assyrian Empire destroys
the Israel
800-701
Jerusalem Destroyed
586-581
Nebuchadnezzer destroys
Jerusalem; destroys the
temple;
Babylonian Captivity
The Diaspora Begins
The Return
500-401 BC
Jews return
rebuild Jerusalem and the
temple
400-4 BC
During the four hundred
years before Jesus, the
Jews enjoyed little political
independence as a series
of Empires dominated the
Middle East
Persians
Greeks
Romans
all dominated
Palestine (Judea,
Samaria, and Galilee)
Two More Events of Note
Greek Translation of the
Jewish Bible (200 BC)
The Septuagint
Maccabean Revolt
against Antiochus IV
167 BC-Hanukkah
Major Holidays
Observing the Holidays:
Almost all Jewish people, regardless
of the branch to which they belong
observe at least some of the Jewish
holidays.
Rosh Hashanah
Jewish New Year
Sept/Oct
Joyful atmosphere, marks the first part
of a ten day period known as the High
Holy Days.
Yom Kippur
Day of Atonement
Sept/Oct
Most solemn day. Day of fasting and
prayer; seeking God’s forgiveness
Sukkot
Feast of Tabernacles
or Booths
Sept/Oct
Festive holiday, temporary booth
set up in yard for meals.
Hanukkah
Festival of Lights
Nov/Dec
Festive holiday celebrating the Jewish
victory over the Syrian armies of
Antiochus Epiphanes. Marked by the
lighting of the Menorah over a period
eight days.
Purim
Story of Queen Esther
Feb/March
Festive holiday recounting the story
Esther and the victory of the Jews
over their persecutors.
Passover
Deliverance from
Egyptian bondage
March/April
Most popular holiday. Story of the
Exodus is recounted by reading thru
the Haggadah which is done at the
seder. (Feast of Unleavened Bread)
Purim
Story of Queen Esther
Feb/March
Festive holiday recounting the story
Esther and the victory of the Jews
over their persecutors.
Passover
Deliverance from
Egyptian bondage
March/April
Most popular holiday. Story of the
Exodus is recounted by reading thru
the Haggadah which is done at the
seder. (Feast of Unleavened Bread)
JudaismMajor Branches
Orthodox
Reform
Conservative
Orthodox Judaism
-The only form of
Judaism until the 18’th
Century
-Later called Orthodox to
separate it from other
branches
-Characterized by tradition
and strict observance
of the Law as
interpreted by the
rabbis
-Orthodoxy claims 6%
of all American Jews
-In Israel, the distinctions
are between the
observant and the nonobservant
(Believers verses Unbelievers)
-Dominant expression of
Judaism in Israel today
-Exercises considerable
influence in national
and civil affairs
-Ultra-orthodox is the
Hasidim
REFORM JUDAISM
-Began in Germany at the
time of the
Enlightenment
-Sought to modernize
outmoded ways of
thinking
-Attempt to prevent
increasing assimilation
of German Jews
-Reform Judaism
emphasizes ethics and
the precepts of the
prophets
-Very small minority in
Israel (perhaps only
one synagogue)
-Approximately 40% of
American Jews
CONSERVATIVE JUDAISM
-Developed in the 19’th
century as a middle
ground branch of
Judaism
-Very small minority in
Israel
-Approximately 35% of
all American Jews are
affiliated with a
Conservative
Synagogue