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Name: Region Ecosystem Nature of approach Description of approach 4. ENHANCING ADAPTIVE CAPACITY IN SEMI-ARID MOUNTAINOUS REGIONS, BOLIVIA Latin America and the Caribbean Country Bolivia Mountains Assessment of vulnerability; Improvement in capacity, design and policy measures (identifying and/or developing adaptation approaches); Implementation of EBA measures (pilot schemes) Objective/Expected outcomes Mountain regions are providers of major environmental services and support the majority of rural population in Bolivia, where the levels of rural poverty are higher than 70%. Glacial retreat and disappearance in the Andes mountains is an issue causing concern for local people as this may affect their livelihoods. The project aimed to enhance understanding of the vulnerability and adaptive capacity of local communities in mountain semi-arid regions of Bolivia, which are considered susceptible to climate change due to the precarity of human livelihoods and the vulnerability of the ecosystem. Actions The project is being carried out in two regions – Titicaca Lake (4000 metres above sea level) in the west and Vallegrande (600 to 3200 metres above sea level) in central Bolivia. Studies have been carried out based on the knowledge and intuition of local people to understand what might be the most relevant trends and impacts of climate change, with farmers participating in investigations, and adaptation measured developed in collaboration. Measures to reduce the impacts of climatic change included trials to cultivate alternative crops resistant to climatic variability. Results achieved Working with local communities to build awareness of trends and impacts of climate change strengthened the capacity for local stakeholders to contribute adaptation measures based on their own knowledge. Climate change is predicted to impact the irrigation systems currently used in agricultural production, but an ancient farming technology “Suka Kollus” (inundation terraces) could enhance the resilience of local livelihoods. Other adaption measures were also put forward, such as increasing the robustness of production systems by switching to more appropriate crops (e.g. broad beans and alternative varieties of potato). Lessons learned Type of organisation Further information and contact details Government Name of organisation: The Netherlands Climate Assistance Programme (NCAP) http://www.nlcap.net/where/bolivia/ http://filestore.wikiadapt.org/NCAP_synthesis_docs/NCAP_Bolivia_Synthesis.pdf