Download rome chapter 8 - teachingandlearningwithtech


The founding of Rome
› Aeneas
› Romulus and Remus

Roman soldiers and war
› Hannibal and the Punic Wars
› The conquests of Julius Caesar

The peace of Rome (Pax Romana) and
the crazy rulers
› Caligula and Nero
Today we will
explain in writing
the importance of
geography in the
rise of the Roman
Civilization.
Italy is in the middle of
the Mediterranean Sea.
 The Alps run across the
top of Italy.

› The Alps _______________.

*Look at the map
on page 263.
Answer 1 and 2 in
your notes.
The Apennines run down
through Italy, from North
to South.
› The Apennines can be
crossed more easily, so
_______________________.

Italy had better farmland
than Greece, so they
____________.
Today we will
explain in writing
the importance of
geography in the
rise of the Roman
Civilization.

The place where Rome
was founded is 15 miles
from the coast of the
Mediterranean, on the
____________.
› The Tiber River gave Romans
 a source of water
 A way to the rest of the
Mediterranean world
 And _______________

Rome was built on
________.
› This made it easy to ______.
› It was also a stopping place
for travelers in Italy and on
the Sea.
Today we will explain
in writing how the
Romans created a
republic and
conquered Italy,
turning it into a great
power.
Romulus and Remus
were brothers,
abandoned as babies
and raised by a wolf.
Romulus killed Remus
and ____________.
 Aeneas was a Trojan
prince who escaped
after the Greeks
captured Troy. After a
long adventure, he
came to the Tiber River
and founded Rome.

Today we will explain
in writing how the
Romans created a
republic and
conquered Italy,
turning it into a great
power.

The actual story?
› Historians aren’t sure. They
think that Latins lived in
the hills of Rome, tending
herds of animals, growing
crops, and living in huts
from 1000 B.C.
› After a few hundred years,
they banded together
__________. Their
community became
known as Rome.
Today we will explain
in writing how the
Romans created a
republic and
conquered Italy,
turning it into a great
power.

The Etruscans and the
______ had a major
influence on Rome.
› Greeks taught Romans how
to grow grapes and olives,
and the Greek alphabet.
Romans later copied their
architecture, art, and
writing.
› Etruscans took control of
Rome and ________. They
were great fighters, their
cities were well-organized,
and they enjoyed feasting
and playing sports and
music.
Today we will explain
in writing how the
Romans created a
republic and
conquered Italy,
turning it into a great
power.
Rome became powerful
under Etruscan rule, but
the family of kings, the
Tarquins, were ______.
 In 509 B.C., Rome
rebelled and formed a
republic.

› The Roman Republic
conquered their
neighbors, including the
Etruscans and the Greeks
in southern Italy.
Today we will
explain in writing
how the Romans
created a republic
and conquered
Italy, turning it into a
great power.

Why was Rome so
strong?
› They had tough,
disciplined fighters.
› They created a new way
of fighting, using legions.
› They were smart planners.
 They built settlements in
places they conquered.
 They built roads between
these towns.
 They treated conquered
people well.
 But they were forceful if
they had to be.
Today we will
explain in writing
how the Romans
created a republic
and conquered
Italy, turning it into a
great power.
 ***
Create a power
outline for a paragraph
describing how the
Romans created a
republic and
conquered Italy,
turning it into a great
power.
Today we will describe in
writing the Roman
republic and legal system,
its impact on Ancient
Romans and how it
relates to government
today
RECALL:
*How were Romans
treated under the
Etruscan kings?
*What kind of
government did they
form after they rebelled?
CONNECT:
What are the 3 branches
of our government?

In early Rome, there were
two social classes:
patricians and plebeians.
› Patricians were wealthy
landowners. They could hold
public office.
› Plebeians were artisans,
shopkeepers, and small farm
owners.
› Both groups were ______and
both groups paid taxes and
served in the ______.
 Which group do you think was
bigger?
 Who had more respect?
 Would they have been allowed
to marry?
Today we will describe
the Roman republic and
legal system, its impact on
Ancient Romans and how
it relates to government
today.

Rome’s government had
three parts:
› A group who ran the
government
› A group who made laws
› A group who served as
judges

Checks and balances
made sure no group
became too powerful.
Today we will describe
the Roman republic and
legal system, its impact on
Ancient Romans and how
it relates to government
today.

In the Roman Republic, the
top officials were the
consuls.
› There were 2 consuls.
› They were elected for 1 year
terms.
› They could veto the other’s
decision.
› Would it be difficult for a consul to
abuse their power?
› Why would consuls be more likely to
make good decisions?


Praetors interpreted the law
and acted as judges.
The Senate was made of 300
patrician men who served for
life.
› At first they advised the Consuls.
Later they could make laws and
hold debates.
Today we will
describe the Roman
republic and legal
system, its impact on
Ancient Romans
and how it relates to
government today.
In 494 B.C., the plebeians
rebelled because ______.
 They set up the Council of
Plebs and elected a tribune
to bring their concerns to
the government.

› The tribunes had the right to
veto government decisions.
› Soon plebeians and
patricians were allowed to
marry.
› In 287 B.C. , plebeians were
allowed to make laws, too.
Today we will
describe the Roman
republic and legal
system, its impact on
Ancient Romans and
how it relates to
government today.

In the Roman Republic, a
dictator ruled for a short
period of time during an
emergency.
› What is a dictator today?
› Cincinnatus was a well-known
dictator.
Today we will
describe the
Roman
republic and
legal system, its
impact on
Ancient
Romans and
how it relates
to government
today.

Rome’s first code of laws was
The Twelve Tables.
› Laws were not written down before this.
Plebeians demanded that laws be written
down.
› The laws were on display in the Forum.
› This established the principle that all free
citizens had the right to be treated the same
way by the law.

The Law of Nations was created
to solve disputes between
citizens and non-citizens.
› Important ideas about laws:
 Innocent until proven guilty
 People accused can defend
themselves to a judge
 A judge must use evidence before
making a decision.
Today we will
describe the Roman
republic and legal
system, its impact on
Ancient Romans and
how it relates to
government today.
› In your notes, list three
important contributions the
Romans made to ideas
about law and government.
› Rank those in order of
importance, with 1 being
their most important
contribution.
Today we will 
write a
paragraph
describing how
Rome
expanded its
control
throughout the
Mediterranean.
Rome had conquered Italy,
but it had a rival in the
Mediterranean: Carthage, on
the coast of __________.
› Carthage had become wealthy
by controlling trade in northern
Africa and southern Europe.
› Carthage and Rome both
wanted to control ________.
Today we will

write a
paragraph
describing how
Rome
expanded its
control
throughout the
Mediterranean.
The First Punic War, 264 B.C.
› Carthage vs. Rome
› Cause: Rome sent an army to
Sicily to prevent Carthage from
taking it over.
 Carthaginians already had
colonies on the island and wanted
to stop the invasion.
 Rome realized it needed a navy,
and built a large fleet.
› Effect: In 241, Rome won a naval
battle. Carthage had to leave
and pay Rome huge fines. Rome
ruled Sicily (after 20 years!)
Today we will

write a
paragraph
describing how
Rome
expanded its
control
throughout the
Mediterranean.
The Second Punic War
› To make up for losing land,
Carthage expanded its empire
into southern Spain. Rome was
not happy, and helped the
Spanish ___________.
› Carthage sent its greatest
general, Hannibal, to attack
Rome in 218 B.C., starting a war.
› Hannibal’s strategy was to take
the fighting to Italy. He gathered
a huge army, including many
horses and 37 ______.
 What do you think of Hannibal’s
strategy? Predict the outcome!
Today we will

write a
paragraph
describing how
Rome
expanded its
control
throughout the
Mediterranean.
Hannibal’s army lost many
men and animals crossing the
Alps into Italy because _____.
› Cold, ______, and attacks by
mountain tribes killed almost half
his soldiers.
 Outcome:
Today we will
write a
› Hannibal was still strong enough to
paragraph
do damage to Rome’s army at the
describing how
Battle of Cannae. His army raided
Rome
much of Italy.
expanded its
control
› The Romans raised another army. In
throughout the
202 B.C., General Scipio invaded
Mediterranean.
___________.
› Hannibal had to return home to
defend Carthage.
› Scipio beat Hannibal at the Battle
of Zama.
 Carthage gave up _____
 Carthage paid a huge fine to Rome.
 Rome now ruled the western
Mediterranean

Today we will
write a
paragraph
describing how
Rome
expanded its
control
throughout the
Mediterranean.

Rome finally destroyed its rival
in the Third Punic War.
› They burned the city.
› They enslaved 50,000 men,
women, and children.
› They salted the land so _____.
Meanwhile, Rome also
conquered Macedonia,
Greece, and parts of Asia.
› The Mediterranean became
known to Romans as “mare
nostrum”, or __________.

Today we will
write a
paragraph
describing how
Rome
expanded its
control
throughout the
Mediterranean.
Outline a power paragraph,
describing the causes and
outcomes of the Punic Wars.
› Topic
 First Punic War
 Cause
 Effect
 Second Punic War
 Cause
 Effect
 Third Punic War
 Cause
 Effect
› Conclusion

Today we will
sequence the
important
events in the
founding of
Rome and the
formation of the
Republic by
creating a
cartoon strip.

The Rise of Rome
› Choose the 8 events in Rome’s
early history that you think are
most important, and sequence
them in chronological order.
› On a piece of plain white paper,
create a cartoon strip showing
each of the events.
› Use dialogue or captions to
describe what is happening.
› Write you name on the back.
This will go on our outside
bulletin board, so do your best
work!

Today we will
describe how
Julius Caesar
seized power
and made
reforms by
writing a cause
and effect
sentence.
Quickwrite:
› What do you know about Julius
Caesar?
› If you don’t know anything
about Caesar (yet), predict what
will come next in Rome’s history.
 Flip back to your notes on The Rise
of Rome if you need to!
Today we will
describe
how Julius
Caesar
seized power
and made
reforms by
writing a
cause and
effect
sentence.

Rome’s armies were victorious,
but there was trouble at home.
 Recall: What lands had Rome
conquered?
 What was mare nostrum?

In the 100s B.C., Roman farmers
were poor and in debt.
› Some hadn’t been able to farm
Predict: What
do you think
these plebeian
farmers did?
because ______________.
› Others’ farms had been destroyed
by Hannibal’s troops.
› They couldn’t compete with
Roman latifundia, giant farming
estates worked by ____________.
Today we will
describe how
Julius Caesar
seized power
and made
reforms by
writing a cause
and effect
sentence.
Farmers sold their farms and
moved to Rome for work.
 Jobs were ___________, and
they became angry.
 Some patricians wanted to
reform Rome’s problems, and
asked the Senate to give
these men small farms.

› These men were ________.
Predict: What
would the
founders of
Rome’s Republic
think?
› Why would Senators refuse to
give them land?
Today we will

describe how
Julius Caesar
seized power
and made
reforms by
writing a cause
and effect
sentence.

Analyze: What it
take for Rome
to become a
great city
again?
The Roman army began
paying soldiers and offered
them land. Generals became
politicians to get land.
 How would this change the way
soldiers felt? Who would they be
loyal to?
A general named Sulla named
himself dictator and changed
the government for the worse.
› Sulla stepped down, hoping
Rome could become great
again, but it led to __________.
› Other men saw what Sulla did
and ___________.

Today we will
describe how
Julius Caesar
seized power
and made
reforms by
writing a cause
and effect
sentence.
In 60 B.C., Rome was ruled by
a Triumvirate of rich military
men: Crassus, Pompey, and
Julius Caesar.
› After defeating Gaul, Caesar
was very popular.
› He marched back to Rome with
his 5,000 soldiers, starting a civil
war.
› He beat Pompey in battle in 48
B.C. and declared himself
___________.
 What was the original purpose of
the position of dictator?
Today we will

describe how
Julius Caesar
seized power
and made
reforms by
writing a cause
and effect
sentence.
Caesar made many reforms
› He granted citizenship to people.
› He started new colonies to
provide land for the jobless and
landless.
 Why would this solution make
both plebeians and patricians
happy?
› He created a new calendar.
Predict: How
did the people
of Rome feel
about Caesar?
Today we will
describe how
Julius Caesar
seized power
and made
reforms by
writing a
cause and
effect
sentence.
You decide:
Were they
right to kill
Caesar ?
Many Romans supported Caesar
for bringing peace and order to
Rome.
 His enemies thought he wanted
to be king.

› In 44 B.C., he was stabbed to
death on the steps of the Senate.

Today we will
describe how
Julius Caesar
seized power
and made
reforms by
writing a cause
and effect
sentence.

Wrap it up:
› Choose the 2 most important
factors that led to Julius Caesar
seizing power.
› Choose the 2 most important
reforms Caesar made.
Complete the following
sentences in your notes.
› Julius Caesar was able to seize
power because _______________.
› He made reforms by __________.

Be prepared to share!
Today we will
explain in
writing how
Rome
became an
empire under
Augustus.

Quickwrite: What is the
difference between a republic
and an empire?
› Check your social studies book’s
glossary if you need a reminder!
Today we will
explain in
writing how
Rome
became an
empire under
Augustus.

After Caesar’s murder, there
was a violent civil war in Rome
between the men who killed
Caesar and Octavian,
Caesar’s grandnephew.
› After defeating Caesar’s
murderers, Octavian formed the
Second Triumvirate with Antony
and Lepidus in 43 B.C.
› They began ________right away.
› Octavian made Lepidus ______.
› Octavian and Antony split the
Empire in half.
Today we will
explain in
writing how
Rome
became an
empire under
Augustus.
Antony fell in love with
Cleopatra, the Egyptian
queen.
 Octavian told the Roman
people that Antony was going
to make himself the sole ruler
with Cleopatra’s help.

› The people were angry and
Octavian declared war on
Antony.
› Octavian defeated Antony and
Cleopatra’s forces at the Battle
of Actium in 31 B.C.
 The couple fled to Egypt and
soon _______.
Today we
will
explain in
writing
how
Rome
became
an
empire
under
Augustus.

Octavian could have made
himself dictator for life, but he
knew the people of Rome
wanted a republican
government.
› Cicero wrote about the need for
representative government with
limited power. Many people read
his works and agreed.
› Cicero supported Octavian, hoping
he would restore the Republic.
Today we will
explain in
writing how
Rome
became an
empire under
Augustus.


In 27 B.C., Octavian announced he
was bringing back the Republic. He
named himself imperator, or
emperor because _________.
He took the title Augustus, meaning
“the revered or majestic one.”
Today we will
explain in
writing how
Rome
became an
empire under
Augustus.

Write a 1st person paragraph
as Octavian, describing how
you became Augustus.
› Begin with the death of Caesar,
your great uncle.
› Include the Second Triumvirate
and your battles with Antony.
› Explain why you chose the
government you did, and what
effect Cicero had on you.
› Include how you think the
people of Rome might feel
about you.
Today we will
discuss
Augustus’s
achievements
by writing and
delivering a
funeral
speech for
him.

Quickwrite: Based on what we
learned yesterday about
Augustus’s rise to power, what
kind of ruler do you think he
will be?
› Predict what things he may do.
› Predict how he may have died.
Today we will
discuss
Augustus’s
achievements
by writing and
delivering a
funeral
speech for
him.
Augustus’s rule began a
period called Pax Romana, or
“_____________.”
 When he became emperor in
27 B.C., Augustus wanted to
make the empire ________.

› He built a permanent,
professional army of 150,000
Roman citizens.
 Why would it matter that they were
paid? That they were Roman citizens?
› He created a special unit called
the Praetorian Guard: 9,000 men
in charge of __________.
Today we will
discuss
Augustus’s
achievements
by writing and
delivering a
funeral
speech for
him.
Augustus’s legions added to
Rome’s territory, conquering
all of Spain and Gaul, Austria,
Hungary, Romania, & Bulgaria.
 Augustus rebuilt Rome with
__________________.

› “I found Rome a city of brick and
left it a city of marble.”

Augustus imported food to
feed the poor. He knew a wellfed population would be
_______________.
Today we will
discuss
Augustus’s
achievements
by writing and
delivering a
funeral
speech for
him.

Augustus was responsible for
the _______ people living in the
Roman Empire.
› He spent most of his reign
__________________..
› He appointed a proconsul
(governor) for each of Rome’s
provinces.
 He replaced the old officials who
had been chosen by the Senate.
 He frequently visited provinces to
________________________.
Today we will
discuss
Augustus’s
achievements
by writing and
delivering a
funeral
speech for
him.

He reformed the tax system.
› Tax collectors became
government workers, so they
didn’t ___________________.

He reformed the legal system.
› He created laws for people in
the provinces who were not
citizens.
› These people eventually
became citizens, and all lived by
the same laws.
Today we will
discuss
Augustus’s
achievements
by writing and
delivering a
funeral
speech for
him.

Augustus died in 14 A.D. after
ruling for 40 years. There was no
law about ______________.
› Augustus had trained a relative,
Claudius, to follow him.
› The 3 emperors after Augustus were
from his family, but were not
_________________.
 Caligula was strange and cruel. He
had people murdered, wasted
money, and appointed his horse as
consul.
 The Praetorian Guard killed him and
made Claudius emperor.
 Nero was vicious. He killed his mother
and wives. He is remembered for
___________________.
Today we will
discuss
Augustus’s
achievements
by writing and
delivering a
funeral
speech for
him.

Imagine you were asked to
speak at the funeral of
Augustus about his many
achievements in life.
› Write a brief eulogy describing
what he accomplished in life.
› For more information on
Octavian as a man, see p.289 in
your book.
› Be prepared to share.
Today we will
describe how
Rome changed
under “the Good
Emperors” by
listing and
ordering their
accomplishments.

After Nero killed himself,
there was a period of
disorder until Vespasian, one
of his proconsuls, took over.
› Why was there disorder after
his suicide?
Vespasian ended many
rebellions in the empire and
began building ____________.
 After he died, his two sons
Domitian and Titus ruled.
During Titus’s rule, two
disasters hit Rome: _______.

Today we will

describe how
Rome changed
under “the Good
Emperors” by
listing and ordering
their
accomplishments.
Which of these
public building
projects would
have had the
greatest impact
on daily life for
Romans?
At the beginning of 100 A.D. a
period of peace and prosperity
began under ______________:
Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian,
Antoninus Pius, and Marcus
Aurelius.
› Agriculture flourished, trade
›
›
›
›
increased, and the standard of
living ________.
Trajan gave money to poor parents
to help them ________________.
Antoninus Pius passed laws to help
____________.
Hadrian made laws easier to
understand and apply
They all supported public building
projects, like ____________________.
Today we will
describe how Rome
changed under
“the Good
Emperors” by listing
and ordering their
accomplishments.
How would the
diversity of
languages and
cultures affect the
empire?

Emperors continued to
conquer territory for Rome,
but it soon became
_____________.
› Hadrian began to pull troops
out of Mesopotamia.
› He built a wall ___________.
› He set the northern
boundaries at the Rhine
River and the Danube River.
› In the West, the empire
spoke Latin. In the East, they
spoke __________.
 The languages and customs
of the empire were different,
but they were united by ____.
Today we will
describe how Rome
changed under
“the Good
Emperors” by listing
and ordering their
accomplishments.

During the Pax Romana,
› Rome had built an
extensive network of ____.
 How would this help the
Empire?
› The Roman navy had rid
the Mediterranean of ___.
 How would this help trade?
› The Roman empire used a
common _______.
 How would this help trade?
› The Romans created a
standard system of ______.
 How would this help trade?
Today we will
describe how Rome
changed under
“the Good
Emperors” by listing
and ordering their
accomplishments.
List the 5 most important
changes under the
“Good Emperors.”
 Rank them from 1-5, with
1 being the most
important change.

Today we will
describe cultural
advancements of
ancient Rome by
illustrating them.
Romans admired
Greece and borrowed
many of their ideas, but
______________________.
 Greeks loved to talk
about ideas and
philosophy, but Romans
only liked ______________.


Think back to ancient
Greece: How did Greek
sculptors portray
people?
Today we will
describe cultural
advancements of
ancient Rome by
illustrating them.
Roman Art:
› Roman sculpture portrayed
people ______, wrinkles and all

(A Roman
colonnade in the
Greek style 
Romans used Greek porches
and columns, but added
_____________.
Today we will
describe cultural
advancements of
ancient Rome by
illustrating them.

Roman builders were the
first to perfect the ______.
› Used it in bridges, aqueducts,
and buildings

The oculus of the
Pantheon, a huge
domed structure
with an opening in
the top 
They build many arches
together to form a vault, or
________
Today we will
describe
cultural
advancements
of ancient
Rome by
illustrating them.
How might this
change Roman
architecture
and buildings?

Roman's were the first to invent
concrete, out of volcanic ash,
lime, and water
› Where do you think they got
volcanic ash?
When dry, it was hard as a rock
Roman buildings could be taller
and ____________.
 The Colosseum (80 AD) and the
Pantheon (126 AD) are ________.


Today we will
describe
cultural
advancements
of ancient
Rome by
illustrating
them.
Roman Literature:
 Roman writers borrowed ideas
from ________.
 Virgil wrote the Aeneid, and
borrowed ideas from Homer's
Odyssey.
 Horace wrote satires about
__________and odes expressing
strong emotions about ______.
 Ovid wrote stories based on
Greek myths
 Catullus wrote short poems
about ______________.
Today we will
describe
cultural
advancements
of ancient
Rome by
illustrating
them.
History
 Roman historians recorded
important events in their history
 Livy wrote History of Rome in
10 BC, describing Rome's
___________.
 Tacitus wrote a more negative
view of Rome's history
Theater
 Romans loved plays with _____.
 Roman playwrights wrote
comedies for religious festivals,
often based on ___________.
Today we will
describe
cultural
advancements
of ancient
Rome by
illustrating
them.

Choose 2 cultural
advancements of the ancient
Romans and illustrate them.
› (Think architecture, literature,
theater, history, etc.)
› Be prepared to share.
Today we will
describe the
lives of
ancient
Romans by
writing a
short, firstperson
narrative.
Daily Life in Rome
 Rome and other cities in its empire
were organized around a Forum,
an __________.
 Wealthy Romans lived in
__________.
 The city of Rome was crowded,
noisy and dirty
› People tossed garbage in the streets
› Thieves prowled the streets
› Families lived in 1 room apartments
Roman apartments were 6 stories
high and often collapsed because
_________.
 Fires started easily and __________.

Today we will
describe the
lives of
ancient
Romans by
writing a
short, firstperson
narrative.
Families
 Families were large and included
______________________.
 The paterfamilias or “____________"
had complete control of the
family
› He punished children severely for
_______.
› He arranged their __________.
› If they were wealthy, he made sure
his children were _________.
Older girls studied reading and
writing at home, and ____________.
 Between 14 and 16, a Roman boy
celebrated _____________.

› He burned his toys, put on a toga,
and ___________________.
Today we will
describe the
lives of
ancient
Romans by
writing a
short, firstperson
narrative.
Women in Rome
 Women had some rights but were
not _________.
 Paterfamilias ran the family, but
________________.
 A woman's rights depended on
____.
› Wealthy women could own land, run
businesses, and sell property
› They had slaves to work their houses,
so they could study fashion, literature,
art and go to the theater

Women with less money had less
freedom. They spent their time
_________.
› They could shop, visit friends, go to
temples, and visit the Roman baths
Today we will
describe the
lives of
ancient
Romans by
writing a
short, firstperson
narrative.
Slaves
 Slaves worked in homes, fields,
mines, and workshops, They built
roads, bridges, and aqueducts.
 Many Greeks slaves were
educated, and served as _______.
 Life for most slaves was _________.
› They were punished severely for
____________.


Slaves often rebelled.
In 73 BC, a slave rebellion was led
by Spartacus.
› 70,000 slaves faced the Roman army
and _____.
› 2 years later, they were defeated.
› Spartacus and 6,000 of his men were
________.
Today we will
describe the
lives of
ancient
Romans by
writing a
short, firstperson
narrative.

Choose one of the following
people and write a narrative
diary entry about your day.
› Wealthy woman
› Wealthy man
› Poor woman
› Poor man
› Slave
Be sure to describe what sorts of
things you did, saw, and felt.
 Be prepared to share!

Today we will
describe the
factors
contributing
to Rome’s
decline by
outlining a
power
paragraph.
The Decline of Rome
 Review: Who were the 5 good
emperors? What did they do?
 In 180 AD, Marcus Aurelius died.
› His son Commodus became _____.
› Commodus was cruel and ______.
› Instead of ruling Rome, he spent
his time _____________.
› When an emperor's bodyguard
killed him, ___________________.
Today we will
describe the
factors
contributing
to Rome’s
decline by
outlining a
power
paragraph.

After Commodus died, a line of
emperors called the Severans
ruled Rome.
› They spent their time putting down
rebellions and ______________.
› They ignored the growing crime and
poverty in Rome.

When the last Severan ruler died in
235 AD, Rome's government
became _______.
› For 50 years, army generals fought
each other for the throne.
› Rome was ruled by _____different
emperors.

Review: What kinds of values did
Romans have during the
Republic?
Today we will
describe the
factors
contributing
to Rome’s
decline by
outlining a
power
paragraph.
Few Romans honored the old
Roman ideals of _________.
 Since the government was full of
corruption, many talented
people _________.
 Many wealthy people stopped
________.
 Few people _________, and a
huge part of Rome's population
were __________.

Today we will
describe the
factors
contributing
to Rome’s
decline by
outlining a
power
paragraph.
Economic and Military Problems
 In the 200s AD, Rome's economy
began to _____.
 Government weakened, and law
and order broke down.
 Roman soldiers and invaders _____.
 As the economy worsened,
people bought fewer goods.
› Businesses closed.
› Workers lost their jobs and had to ___.
› A plague broke out, killing ______.

The value of money began to
decrease, so people started ____.
Today we will
describe the
factors
contributing
to Rome’s
decline by
outlining a
power
paragraph.

Meanwhile, ______________.
› In the west, Germanic tribes raided
Roman towns and farms.
› In the east, Persian armies pushed
into the empire's territory.

Rome couldn't pay its own
soldiers anymore, so they _____.
› They were not loyal to _____.
Today we will
describe the
factors
contributing
to Rome’s
decline by
outlining a
power
paragraph.

Outline a power paragraph
describing the 3 main factors
contributing to the decline of
Rome.
› Topic
 Reason 1
 TMM
 Reason 2
 TMM
 Reason 3
 TMM
› Conclusion
Today we will
sequence the
5 most
important
events in the
fall of Rome.
Diocletian’s Reforms
 When Diocletian became
emperor, he thought it was ____.
› He divided the empire into four
parts and ___________.
› He kept authority over all of Rome.

He tried to boost the economy.
› He made rules setting prices of
goods and wages for workers.
› He ordered people to ___________.

Diocletian’s reforms failed
because ________________.
Today we will 
sequence the
5 most
important
events in the
fall of Rome.

Diocletian retired in 305 A.D.
› Another _____ became emperor in
312 A.D.
› What do you think was happening
from 305-312 A.D.?
Constantine tried to fix the _____.
› Sons of workers had to follow their
father’s trade.
› Sons of farmers had to work the
land their fathers worked.
› Sons of soldiers had to serve in the
army.
› His reforms failed, so he __________.
Today we will
sequence the
5 most
important
events in the
fall of Rome.

Constantine was Rome’s first
Christian Emperor.
› During battle, he saw a ________
that said “By this sign thou shall
conquer.”
 He converted to ________.
 He gave new opportunities and
power to Christians.
 What had it been like up to this point for
Christians?
 He had many political and religious
successes, but his life was also ______.
Today we will
sequence the
5 most
important
events in the
fall of Rome.
The Fall of Rome
 After Constantine died in 337 AD,
there was more _______.
› Theodosius became the next emperor.
› He decided to ________after his death.
› In 395 A.D., the Roman Empire split into
the Western Roman Empire and the
Eastern Roman Empire.
 Rome was capitol of the West.
Constantinople was capitol of the East.

Rome could no longer hold back
the Germanic tribes on its borders.
› They were in search of _______.
› They were attracted by Rome’s ______.
› Many were fleeing Huns in Asia.
Today we will
sequence the
5 most
important
events in the
fall of Rome.

In the 300s, the Huns defeated
the Ostrogoths.
› The Visigoths asked the Eastern
Roman emperor for ________.
› He let them settle within Rome’s
borders in exchange for _______.
› They soon fought, and the
Visigoths rebelled, _______.
› They realized Rome couldn’t
defend itself, and more tribes
came in search of _______.
Today we will
sequence the
5 most
important
events in the
fall of Rome.

In 410 A.D., a Visigoth leader
and his soldiers captured Rome,
burned records, and emptied
the treasury.
› It was the first time Rome had
been conquered in ____ years!
› The Vandals overran Spain and
northern Africa.
 Then they went to Italy, took
everything valuable, and ______.
 What modern word came from the
name of a Germanic tribe?
 What does it mean?
Today we will
sequence the 5
most important
events in the fall
of Rome.
The Fall of the Empire
 In 476 A.D., a Germanic
general named Odoacer took
control, over throwing the
______ emperor of the western
empire.
› He was the last emperor to rule
Rome. Historians mark this as the
______.

Odoacer ruled for 15 years.
› He was killed by Visigoths, who
set up a kingdom in Italy under
their king, Theodoric.

Germanic kingdoms ________.
Today we will
sequence the
5 most
important
events in the
fall of Rome.

In your notes, find the 5 most
important events leading up to
the fall of Rome.
› On a half-sheet of paper, list the
events in chronological order.
› Please summarize what we
discussed in class or explain it in
your own words.
Today we will
illustrate the
legacy of
Rome.
Roman Ideas and Government Today
 Roman ideas about law, which
were first put down in the _______,
are still important today.
› We believe all people are ______
› We expect judges to decide cases ___
› We consider a person innocent until
proven _____
Like the Romans, we believe a
republic made up of equal citizens
is the best government
 We believe citizens must do their
duty and participate in government
to ______________.

Today we will Roman Influence on Culture
illustrate the
 The alphabet of Latin is used
legacy of
throughout the Western world
Rome.


today
Latin shaped the languages of Italy,
France, Spain, Portugal, and
Romania.
Many English words come from Latin.
› ______________ use Latin phrases.
› Every known plant and animal species is
classified by a Latin name.


People still study and admire the
works of ancient Roman writers.
Ancient Rome left a lasting mark on
buildings in the Western world.
› We still use ________ for construction, and
many Roman architectural styles,
especially in Washington D.C. and state
capitals.
Today we will
illustrate the
legacy of
Rome.
Christianity
 Today Christianity is one of the
most _______ world religions.
 It began during the Roman
Empire, and spread quickly
when it was adopted by Rome's
government in the 300s A.D.
› Who was the first Christian Roman
emperor?
Today we will
illustrate the
legacy of
Rome.

Without using words, create a
collage or an image illustrating
Rome's influence on the world
today.
› Be prepared to share!
Today we will
describe the
rise of the
Byzantine
Empire.

The Eastern Roman Empire was
also known as the Byzantine
Empire.
› It stretched from Italy in the west to
Arabia in the east and Egypt in the
south.

By the 500s A.D., Constantinople
was one of the world’s greatest
cities.
› When did Constantine make it the
new capital of the empire?
› What was it called before he
renamed it?
Today we will
describe the
rise of the
Byzantine
Empire.

It was successful in part
because of its location on the
waterways between the Black
Sea and the Aegean Sea.
› It’s harbors offered a safe shelter
for fishing boats, trading ships, and
war boats.

It was located at the crossroads
of trade routes between Europe
and Asia.
› Why would that be beneficial?
Today we
will
describe
the rise of
the
Byzantine
Empire.

It was located on a peninsula, so
Constantinople was easily
defended.
 Ocean on 3 sides and a great wall on
the fourth protected them from attack.
Today we will
describe the
rise of the
Byzantine
Empire.

In 10-15 words, describe the rise
of the Byzantine Empire.
› Be prepared to share!
Today we
will illustrate
the legacy
of the
Byzantine
Empire.
Justinian was emperor of the
Byzantine Empire from 527-565 A.D.
 He was a strong leader, who
controlled the military, made laws,
and was a supreme ____.

› No one could question his orders.
› His wife, Empress Theodora, helped
run the empire.

Write about it: Why do you think
Justinian was able to be a strong
ruler when so many Roman
emperors struggled to control the
empire?
Today we
will illustrate
the legacy
of the
Byzantine
Empire.

Theodora was intelligent and
strong-willed.
› She convinced Justinian to give
women more rights.
› She helped Justinian choose _____.
› She helped save Justinian’s ___.
 When angry taxpayers stormed the
palace to overthrow Justinian, his
advisors urged him to leave
Constantinople.
 His wife urged him to _______.
 He crushed the uprising, restored
order, and strengthened his power.
 Write about it: How do you think this
strengthened Justinians power?
 What would you have done?
Today we
will illustrate
the legacy
of the
Byzantine
Empire.

Justinian wanted to reunite the
Roman Empire and bring back
_______.
› To do this, he had to conquer
Western Europe and northern
Africa.
› He sent a general to lead the
Byzantine army.
› The army used cavalry, or _______,
instead of foot soldiers.
› The army quickly conquered most
of Italy, northern Africa, and Persia.

Consider Rome’s fate, and
predict what will happen next.
Today we
will illustrate
the legacy
of the
Byzantine
Empire.

Justinian conquered too much
too quickly.
› When he died, the empire didn’t
have enough money to maintain
an army large enough to _______.

Justinian thought the empire’s
laws were disorganized and ___.
› He ordered a group of legal
scholars to reform the law code.
› The simplified laws became known
as Justinian’s Code.
 The Justinian Code has influenced
nearly every European country
today.
Today we
will illustrate
the legacy
of the
Byzantine
Empire.

The Byzantine Empire lasted for
nearly 1,000 years. It had a great
legacy:
› They preserved and spread Greek
›
›
›
›
_____ and Roman _____.
They spread ______ in Eastern Europe.
They became rich by trading.
Women gained many rights.
Learning was highly respected in
Byzantine culture.
 The government supported training
scholars and government officials.
Today we
will illustrate
the legacy
of the
Byzantine
Empire.
Without using any words, create
a picture illustrating the legacy
of the Byzantine Empire.
 Be prepared to share!
