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DOK 5A
Inherited Traits
Environmental Traits
Scientists
Define the following:
• Heredity-the passing of traits from parents to offspring through DNA
• DNA-Deoxyribonucleic Acid-the molecule that contains the code for
traits
• Environmental Trait-characteristics influenced by where and how an
organism lives
• Inherited Trait-characteristics that are genetically passed from
parent to offspring
Answer the following questions:
• What important contribution did Gregor Mendel make to our
body of knowledge about genetics? Studied pea plants and
discovered dominant and recessive traits
• What important contribution did Rosalind Franklin make to
our body of knowledge about genetics? Took a famous photo
(Photo 51) of DNA and discovered that DNA has a spiral
shape
• What important contribution did James Watson and Francis
Crick make to our body of knowledge about genetics?
Discovered that DNA is a double helix
• What is the shape of DNA? spiral
Answer the following questions continued:
• What is the structure of DNA? Draw and describe. Double helix
The structure of DNA is two phosphate sugar chains held together by
nitrogen bases
• What makes up the backbone of DNA? (known as the side poles of
the ladder)
Sugar and phosphates
• What makes up the inside of the DNA molecule? (steps or rungs of
the ladder)
Nitrogen bases
• How do the bases pair together?
AT, and CG
Answer the following continued:
• Complete the complementary strand for the strand of DNA given.
A
T
C
A
G
C
C
T
T
A
G
T
A
G
T
C
G
G
A
A
T
C
• Explain the difference between inherited and environmental traits.
Inherited traits are passed from parent to offspring and are a part of an organism’s
genetic makeup. Environmental traits are a result of an organism’s environment.
• Give two examples of inherited traits.
Skin color, height, tongue rolling, and long second toe
• Give two examples of environmental traits.
Favorite music, dyeing hair, choice of clothing style, language spoken
• Why do identical twins have the same DNA and not the same personality?
Personality is not a result of DNA (inherited traits), but environmental ones instead
Short Answer Question
• Use a DNA molecule to DRAW and EXPLAIN how DNA would replicate.
Why is it important for DNA to be able to make an exact copy ( how
does that ability help an organism survive?)
DNA unzips between bases and new bases pair on each half of the DNA
molecule and then you have two new strands.
See next slide
Oringinal DNA molecule divided
Oringinal
molecule
of DNA
Bases from
cytoplasm
Two new
DNA
molecules
created
Short Answer Question
• Give two examples of environmental traits. Explain why they are
considered environmental traits.
• Give two examples of inherited traits. Explain why they are
considered environmental traits.
See answers for 17, 18, and 19
Short Answer Question
• Scientific history is full of DRAMA. Pick one of our scientists (or the two
that worked as a team) and share their dramatic story.
Gregor Mendal conducted his research before the guidelines of Scientific
Method and Experimental Design were formulated. Many scientists believed
that his findings were tainted (not accurate) because he did not follow these
guidelines since they did not exist when he was alive and conducting
research.
Rosiland Franklin; Francis Crick and James Watson: Franklin took a photo of
DNA and completed mathematical calculations that showed the shape of
DNA is a spiral. This photo and the notes/calculations were stolen and given
to Watson and Crick. They won the Nobel prize and never revealed that her
work was the foundation of their discovery.
Short Answer Question
• Draw and label a DNA
molecule. Be detailed and
include ALL parts in their
proper places. Include at least
8 base pairs (like the Twizzler
lab)
You should include sugars,
phosphates, bases (base pairs)