Download Ivan Pavlov was a Russian physiologist whose

Ivan Pavlov was a Russian physiologist whose research on the physiology of digestion
led to the development of the first experimental model of learning, Classical
Conditioning. Most of his research was gathered studying salivating dogs.
Albert Bandura focuses on the acquisition of behaviors. He believes that people
acquire behaviors through the observation of others, then imitate what they have
observed. Several studies involving television commercials and videos containing
violent scenes have supported this theory of modeling.
John B. Watson states that behaviorism is the scientific study of human behavior. It is
simply the study of what people do. Behaviorism is intended to take psychology up to
the same level as other sciences. Conditioning is the process of learning to react to
the environment. Many behaviors have been previously conditioned in the human
species by the environment.
B.F. Skinner was never highly influenced by critical reactions, he is not interested in
the right or wrong because they are either effective or ineffective, and arguments of
no avail. For that reason he is not interested in psychological theories, rational
equations, or other verbal systems that are required to be proven right. B.F. Skinner
is famous for his research on operant conditioning and negative reinforcement.
Konrad Lorenz Imprinting is the term used in psychology and ethology to describe any
kind of phase-sensitive learning (learning occurring at a particular age or a particular
life stage) that is rapid and apparently independent of the consequences of behavior.
It was first used to describe situations in which an animal or person learns the
characteristics of some stimulus, which is therefore said to be "imprinted" onto the
subject.
Lev Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory: Vygotsky is best known for being an educational
psychologist with a sociocultural theory. This theory suggests that social interaction
leads to continuous step-by-step changes in children's thought and behavior that can
vary greatly from culture to culture (Woolfolk, 1998).
Jean Piaget was born on August 9, 1896 in Neuchatel, Switzerland and died
September 17, 1980. He was an influential experimenter and theorist in the field of
developmental psychology and in the study of human intelligence. To Piaget, there
were several factors in a child's cognitive development. He felt that the most critical
one was the interactions with a child's peers. These interactions lead to cognitive
conflicts which turned into arguing and debating with their peers. This conflict
requires the child to decenter themselves and look at the other person's point of
view.
Study the PowerPoint and notes on my website about Piaget for the test.
Sigmund Freud was one of the trailblazers of modern-day psychology. As the
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originator of Psychoanalysis, Freud distinguished himself as an intellectual giant. He
pioneered new techniques for understanding human behavior, and his efforts
resulted in the most comprehensive theory of personality and psychotherapy ever
developed.
Study the PowerPoints and notes on my website about Freud for the test.
Abraham Maslow proposed Maslow's hierarchy of needs. In his 1943 paper "A
Theory of Human Motivation". Maslow subsequently extended the idea to include
his observations of humans' innate curiosity. His theories parallel many other theories
of human developmental psychology, some of which focus on describing the stages of
growth in humans. Maslow used the terms Physiological, Safety, Belongingness and
Love, Esteem, Self-Actualization and Self-Transcendence needs to describe the
pattern that human motivations generally move through.
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Study the PowerPoint on my website about Maslow for the test.
Erik Erikson has made a contribution to the field of psychology with his
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developmental theory. He can be compared to Sigmund Freud in that he claimed that
humans develop in stages. Erikson developed eight psychosocial stages in which
humans develop through throughout their entire life span. Erikson recognized the
basic notions of Freudian theory, but believed that Freud misjudged some important
dimensions of human development. Erikson said that humans develop throughout
their life span, while Freud said that our personality is shaped by the age of five.
Erikson developed eight psychosocial stages that humans encounter throughout their
life.
Study the PowerPoint and notes on my website about Erikson for the test