Download AP Exam Review. Units 5 and 6

AP BIOLOGY: EXAM REVIEW. Part III
Name: _______________________________________
 Read through the vocabulary terms.
o Put a “√” next to the words you think are critical. Compare your list with your team-mates.
o Highlight the critical words that you don’t know the definition or significance of.

For each section, answer “10 minute’s worth” of questions as if they were AP FRQs. There are 3 sections.
Unit 5: Evolution (Chapters 14-15, 17-18)
Section 1: Evolution
 Evolution
 Comparative anatomy
 Natural selection
 Homologous structures
 Charles Darwin
 Analogous structures
 Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck
 Molecular biology
 Paleontology
 Genetic variability
 Biogeography
 Random mutation
 Embryology
 Alleles
 Morphogens
 Gene duplication
 Homeotic genes
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Environment
Directional selection
Stabilizing selection
Disruptive selection
Species
Speciation
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Divergent evolution
Convergent evolution
Allopatric speciation
Sympatric speciation
Hardy-Weinberg
equilibrium
 Genetic drift
1. (5 min) Discuss 5 lines of evidence for evolution. Give an example of each.
2. (5 min) Many animals have adaptations to avoid predation. Describe one of these adaptations and explain how a
species evolved this adaptation using the steps of natural selection.
3. (10 min) Each of the following relates to an aspect of evolution by natural selection. Discuss 3 of the following:
 Convergent evolution and the similarities among species in a particular biome.
 Natural selection and formation of insecticide-resistant insects or antibiotic-resistant bacteria
 Speciation and isolation
 Natural selection and behavior such as kinesis, fixed action pattern, aggression, etc.
 Natural selection and heterozygote advantage
4. (5 min) Discuss the importance of gene duplication with respect to evolution. Highlight an example.
5. Timing and coordination of specific events are necessary for the normal development of an organism.
 (5 min) Discuss how cell differentiation can occur.
 (5 min) Discuss how changes in the timing of development can contribute to the evolution of a species.
 (5 min) What are homeotic genes and how are they important within the context of evolution?
6. (5 min) Compare and contrast allopatric and sympatric speciation.
7. (5 min) Discuss the Hardy-Weinberg assumptions.
8. (5 min) If 36% of a population has a recessive trait, calculate the frequencies of each of the 3 genotypes for the
trait (assuming controlled by one gene w/ only 2 alleles).
9. (5 min) What is the definition of evolution with respect to allele frequencies? Describe an example of population
evolution that does not involve natural selection.
10. (10 min) The table to the right represents the number
# 10
Species Species Species Species Species
A
B
C
D
E
of amino acid differences in a protein across 5 different
Species
A
31
65
2
27
species (species A – species E). Use the information in
Species B
70
30
4
the table to construct a phylogenetic tree of the 5
Species C
68
72
species.
Species D
25
11. (10 min) The table below shows characteristics that are
Species E
shared among 5 species. Use the information in the
table to
 Construct a cladogram of the 5 species (use
#11
Number
Claws
Type of
Type of
“Species 1” as the outgroup)
of legs
present
eye
skeleton
Species 1
10
No
None
None
 In the cladogram, indicate where each trait first
Species
2
10
Yes
Simple
None
appears in each lineage
Species 3
Species 4
Species 5
AP Biology Exam Review Part I
20
10
20
Yes
Yes
Yes
compound
Simple
compound
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Exoskeleton
Hydrostatic
Exoskeleton
AP BIOLOGY: EXAM REVIEW
Name: _______________________________________
Unit 6: Biodiversity (Chapters 16, 19 – 20, 21, 25, 28)
Section 2: Classification
Prokaryote
Eukarya
 Phylogeny
 Cyanobacteria
 Protista
 Taxonomy
 Bacteria
 Unicellular (mostly)
 Domain
 Decomposer
 Algae
 Kingdom
 Pathogen
 Amoeba
 Phylum
 Obligate aerobes
 Paramecium
 Class
 Obligate anaerobes
 Ciliates
 Order
 Facultative anaerobes
 Fungi
 Family
 Endospores
 Multicellular (mostly)
 Genus
 Fimbrae
 Chitin
 Species
 Capsule
 Heterotrophs
 Binomial nomenclature
 Detritivores/Saprobes
 Flagella
 Carolus Linnaeus
 Parasites
 Eubacteria
Genetics of prokaryotes
 Mycorrhizae
 Archaebacteria
 Circular DNA
 Lichens
 Plasmids
 Plantae
 Viruses
 Transformation
 Cellulose
 Lytic cycle
 Conjugation
 Multicellular
 Lysogenic cycle
 Transduction
 Alternation of generations
Temperate virus
 Pili
 Budding
 Nitrogen-fixing bacteria and (legumes)
 Animalia
 No cell wall
 Multicellular
12. (5 min) Describe the relationship between classification and evolution. Illustrate with an example.
13. (5 min) Choose one bullet from the list below. List the characteristics that suggest a common ancestry to:
 all life
 archaea and eukarya
 organelles (chloroplasts or mitochondria) and eubacteria.
14. (5 min) Describe the main lines of evidence for the endosymbiont hypothesis
Section 3: Plants
Alternation of generations Vascular tissues
 Bryophytes(Mosses)
 Photoperiodism
 Gametophyte
 Xylem
 Seedless vascular
 Phytochrome
generation
plants (Ferns)
 Phloem
 Short-day plants
 Sporophyte generation
 Gymnosperms
 Roots
 Long-day plants
(conifers)
 Stamen
 Root hairs
 Day-neutral plants
 Angiosperms
 Double fertilization
 Phloem vessels
 Vegetative propagation
(flowering plants)
 Sperm nuclei
 Sieve tube elements
 Tropisms
 Hormones
 Endosperm
 Companion cells
 Phototropism
 Auxins
Growth
Water potential ()
 Gravitropism
 Ethylene
 Apical meristem
 Thigmotropism
1. (5 min) What are the evolutionary innovations of the major plant groups and how has each enabled plants to
become less dependent on water?
2. (5 min) Discuss the adaptive significance of the flower
3. (5 min) Describe alternation of generations in plants. Compare this to a human life cycle.
4. (5 min) Describe how water moves through plants (remember )
5. (5 min) Describe how nutrients (sugar) move through plants (remember )
6. (5 min) Explain the conflict plants have regarding water conservation and photosynthesis.
7. (5 min) Describe an example of positive feedback and example of negative feedback in plants.
AP Biology Exam Review Part I
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